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High School History (Grade 9)

History : Banning Of Shifting Cultivation By Britishers In India

THE IMPACT OF COLONIAL FORESTRY :
Colonial forestry has had wide ranging consequences. Apart from enriching the British and their collaborators, the impact was overwhelmingly negative. It caused irreparable environmental damage, jeopardized the livelihood of communities who subsisted on forests, and became the role model of India’s post independence forest management, thus ensuring its insidious continuity. (0:10 - 0:58)

Shifting cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot. ( 1:00 - 3:55)

Steps of Shifting Cultivation :
The Process:
First, farmers have to find a designated spot where they want to plant, somewhere that is close to their villages or settlements. Before they can plant, they have to remove the plants and vegetation that normally covers the land. Using axes and machetes, farmers cut down most of the tall trees, which normally help bring down the smaller tress. Next the farmers burn the debris under carefully controlled conditions. Whenever it rains, the rain comes and washes the fresh ashes into the soil, providing the needed nutrients. The cleared area, is known as a swidden. The cleared land can support crops only up to three years or less. After those three years, the soil nutrients are rapidly depleted and the land becomes too infertile to nourish crops. When the swidden is no longer fertile, the villagers and farmers find a new site to begin clearing out. They leave the old site uncropped for many years, allowing it to go back to its normal vegetation state, this could take up to twenty years. (3:56 - 7:00)

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