AYUSH / Indigenous System of Medicine - Simplified. / Community Health Nursing. / Community Medicine

AYUSH
I. Introduction:
• The Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy was set-up in December,1995 and later re-named as Department of AYUSH in November, 2003.
AYUSH
• AYUSH is an acronym for Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy,
Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy and later in Dec 9, 2019, included Sowa-Rigpa.

A. Ayurveda
a. Origin and Nature
• The term “ Ayurveda” is derived from two Sanskrit words, ‘Ayur’ and ‘Veda’.
Ayur’ means ‘life’ and ‘Veda’ means ‘knowledge or science’.
b. Theoretical basis
Principles:
The principle of Ayurveda is based on Pancha mahabuthas) and Tridoshas.
Pancha mahabuthas
1. Akasha (Ether),
2. Vayu ( Air),
3. Agni (Fire),
4. Jala (Water),
5. Prithvi (Earth)
= ‘Tridoshas’
a. Vata
b. Pitta
c. Kaph

c. Diagnosis in Ayurveda
- 10 fold Examinations
d. Type of Treatment in Ayurveda
1. Shodhana Therapy
2. Shamana Therapy
3. Pathya Vyavastha
4. Nidan Parivarjan
5. Satvajaya
6. Rasayana Sevana therapy
f. EDUCATION AND RESEARCH WORK
a. BAMS, MAMS, PhD
- National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur.
g. PRACTICE AND DRUG STANDARD
- Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee (APC)
B. Yoga and Naturopathy
a. Origin and Nature
- Propounded by Patanjali about 2500 years ago.
Four paths of yoga
- Karma Yoga
- Jnana Yoga
- Bhakti Yoga
- Raja Yoga
b. Theoretical basis
Eight limbs:
1. Yama
2. Niyama
3. Asana
4. Pranayama
5. Pratyahara
6. Dharana
7. Dhyana
8. Samadhi
5. Positive Thinking & Meditation
a. Origin and Nature of Naturopathy
• By natural approaches
- Actively through Diet / Nutrition & Exercise and
- Passively through Rest and Relaxation.
b. Theoretical basis
The five elements of Naturopathy
1. Air
2. Water
3. Mud
4. Heat
5. Space
c. Diagnosis & Treatment Method
1. Water therapy
2. Air Therapy
3. Fire Therapy
4. Space therapy
5. Mud therapy
6. Others
c. EDUCATION AND RESEARCH WORK – Yoga & Naturopathy
• Diploma,B.Sc, M.Sc, P.hD
• Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, New Delhi
• National Institute Naturopathy
B. Unani System of medicine
a. Origin and Nature
- Originated in Greece and introduced in India by Arab and Persian sellers.
b. Theoretical Basis
• based on the principles of Hippocrates and Galen.
PRINCIPLE OF UNANI MEDICINE
1. Arkan (Element)
2. Mizaj
3. Akhiat
4. Azas
5. Quwa
6. Afal
7. Arwah
Four basic elements
1. Fire
2. Air
3. Water
4. Earth
Diagnosis
3 types of patients
a. Hot temperament individuals
b. Wet / Moist temperament individuals
c. Cold and dry temperament individuals
- Pulse,
- Urine,
- Stool examination and
- Observation of Colour of skin and gait etc
Treatment
a. Regimental Therapy
b. Diet- o - therapy
c. Pharmacotherapy
d. Surgery
d. EDUCATION AND RESEARCH WORK
- BUMS, MUMS, PhD
- National Institute of Unani Medicine.

D. Siddha System of Medicine
a. Introduction
- Considered as the oldest documented medicine system of the world.
- Truly Indian origin
- Largely practiced in Tamil speaking areas of India.
b. Origin & Nature of Siddha System
- flourished during first Tamil Sangam Period
- practiced by ‘Sidharas’
c. Principle of Siddha system
- The universe consists of two essential entities
a. Matter (Shiva) and
b. Energy (Shakthi).
Five elements
1. Solid
2. Fluid
3. Radiance
4. Gas
5. Ether
- mediated by three substances ( Dravyas)
1. Vatham
2. Pitham
3. Karpam

d. Diagnosis and Treatment methods
1. Pulse
2. Urine
3. Stool
4. Tongue
5. Voice and speech
6. Touch
7. Vision
8. Overall appearance
Preparation of siddha medicines
1. Bhasma
2. Churna
3. Khasaya
4. Lehya
5. Others
e.EDUCATION AND RESEARCH WORK
- BSMS. MSMS, PhD
- The National Institute of Siddha.

E. Homeopathy
a. Introduction
- The word Homeopathy Derived from two Greek words (Hómoios, "- like" and páthos,"suffering") that mean "like disease."
b. Origin and Development
• discovered in Germany by Dr. Samuel Hahnemann.
Based on the theory of healing "Similia Similibus Curentis" which means ‘likes are cured by likes’.
c. Theoretical basis and Principles
1. Law of Similia
2. Law of Simplex
3. Law of Minimum Dose
4. The Law of Potentized Remedy
d. Diagnosis
1. Physical exam
2. Medical Exam
3. Modalities of the symptoms
4. Specific individualized Information.
Treatment
- Highly individualized.
- Based on the individual’s specific symptoms
e. EDUCATION AND RESEARCH WORK
- BHMS, MHMS, PhD
- National Institute of Homeopathy Calcutta
F. Sowa-Rigpa
a. Origin and Development
- Traditional Tibetan Medicine system.
- Based upon Indian Buddhist literature.
b. Theoretical basis and Principles
- All illness ultimately results from the three poisons.
1. Delusion
2. Greed
3. Aversion
c. Diagnosis and Treatment
Pulse analysis and urinalysis, and utilizes behavior and dietary modification.
Medicines composed of herbs and minerals) and physical therapies (e.g. Tibetan acupuncture, Moxabustion, etc.)

Hope this will be beneficial for the students in passing University exams.
Thank you.

Prof.. Reginold Michayel.D