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Models of creativity in language and music Anna Jordanous Music Informatics Research Centre, University of Sussex
,Introducing my research… I write computer programs that model musical creativity AIM: Capture the key aspects of how the human mind works when we create music Existing theories about creativity and the mind (fortunately!)… Margaret Boden Arthur Koestler Mihalyi Csikzentmihalyi …and plenty of computer systems that generate music… In Google Scholar, the phrase “Music generation” returns 960 results …but virtually nothing on linking theory to practice (which is where my work comes in) N.B. Not databases! Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Today’s talk People show creativity when using language. People show creativity when using music. There is a strong overlap between music and language What can creativity in language tell us about musical creativity? Music Language Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Human creativity in action (etc) Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Overlap between language and music “Within our minds are two systems that perform remarkably similar interpretive feats, converting complex acoustic sequences into perceptually discrete elements (such as words or chords) organized into hierarchical structures that convey rich meanings” Patel (2008) Music, Language and the Brain Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Speech music Slides from Chris Darwin’s course (Perception of Musical Sounds) Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,So what if there’s a crossover between language and music? Some areas are more studied in one domain than the other (e.g. Grammar in language) Other areas are studied from different perspectives (e.g. Meaning) What happens if we take research from one domain – LANGUAGE – and apply it to the other – MUSIC? Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,A starting point: Haiku Haiku generation program (Masterman (1971) in Boden 1990) [1][2] in the [3] I [4] [5] [6] in the [7] [8] the [9] has [10] Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Haiku Which was generated by a computer? Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Music’s equivalent to Haiku:Mozart’s Dice Music Musical fragments put together at random (by rolling dice) Demo… http://sunsite.univie.ac.at/Mozart/di... Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Haikus and Dice Music Are these programs being creative?
Do they model human creativity? At all? Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Saxophone meets computer Paul Hodgson’s IMPROVISOR A computer program that can mimic musical style and improvise in real time 1998: On BBC’s Tomorrow’s World program, IMPROVISOR jams with Courtney Pine, a famous saxophonist [review] (IMPROVISOR plays in the style of Charlie Parker: bebop jazz) Courtney Pine Charlie Parker Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Saxophone meets computer Q Is IMPROVISOR more creative than the Dice Music program? Q Does IMPROVISOR model human musical creativity more closely than the Dice Music program? Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Creativity through Analysis Chomsky: By studying the structure of language, we can capture this structure (in a grammar) and use that to generate new language Several attempts to capture musical structure: Lerdahl and Jackendoff 1983
Steedman 1984 Jordanous 2006, 2007 (shameless self-plug) etc Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,Cope: Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI) Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,EMI with Cope Q How much of EMI’s creativity is due to David Cope’s creativity? N.B. EMI compositions are credited to: David Cope with Experiments in Musical Intelligence Q Does EMI act as a model of David Cope’s creativity? Or of human musical creativity in composition? Models of Creativity in Language and Music
,What does EMI produce? EMI de