Basic Argument Elements

The Art of Argumentation: Using Evidence and Reasoning
Goal: The goal of this presentation is to provide a basic understanding of the elements necessary for a solid and productive argument. These elements include having a claim, reasons to support the claim, and supporting evidence.

What is argumentation? Arguments are not just about fighting or having disagreements. Argumentation is about seeking to understand, taking a stand, and having a well-organized claim with logical reasons to support it. It is a more credible and organized way to discuss differences with others.

Structure of a Good Argument
-Clear Claim: Every good argument begins with a clear claim that highlights the author's position on a topic.
-Reasons: A good argument should have at least two to three reasons that explain why the claim is correct.
-Supporting Evidence: Factual evidence is essential to support the reasons. Providing explanations and appeals further convinces the audience of the argument.
-Acknowledging Opposing Viewpoints: No argument is complete without recognizing the opposing viewpoints or counterarguments.

Importance of Relevant, Accurate, and Current Reasons
-Relevant: The reasons provided should be connected to the context of the argument.
-Accurate: The information should be accurate and not include false information.
-Current: The reasons should be timely and up-to-date for the audience's understanding.

The Significance of Evidence
-Objective Evidence: Evidence consists of facts, research, and data that are unbiased and lack ambiguity.
-Avoid Opinions: Opinions cannot support an argument as they are personal beliefs. Facts, data, and research should be used instead.
-Trust and Convincing: When people can come to the same conclusion as the person presenting the evidence, they are more likely to trust the argument.

Including Counterarguments
-Acknowledge the Other Side: Including counterarguments in the initial argument shows a well-researched and well-prepared approach.
-Refuting Opposing Viewpoints: Explaining why opposing viewpoints exist allows for the refutation of their line of thinking before it is even presented.

Presenting an Effective Argument
-Engaging and Organized: When presenting an argument, it is crucial to be engaging, organized, and clear about the message.
-Using Credible Evidence and a Professional Tone: Credible evidence and a professional tone add credibility to the argument.
-Emotional Connection: Gauge the audience's emotional connection to the topic and tap into it, but be careful not to come off as too emotional.

Key Takeaways
-A good argument is clearly structured with a claim, reasons, and evidence.
-Facts should be used instead of opinions.
-Recognize the other side while remaining logical and well-structured.
Good luck!