IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes-Naming hydrocarbons-Organic Chemistry

The IUPAC nomenclature of alkane involves naming the compounds based on their molecular structure and substituents. Here are the steps involved in naming an alkane:

Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in the molecule, which is also the parent chain.

Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain so that the substituents get the lowest possible numbers.

Name the substituents using the prefixes:

methyl for a -CH3 group
ethyl for a -CH2CH3 group
propyl for a -CH2CH2CH3 group
butyl for a -CH2CH2CH2CH3 group, and so on.
Use the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. to indicate the number of identical substituents.

Place the names of the substituents in alphabetical order, ignoring any prefixes.

Use the prefixes iso-, sec-, and tert- to indicate branched substituents.

Combine the names of the substituents with the name of the parent chain, using hyphens to separate them.

If the alkane contains functional groups, the functional group suffix is added to the name of the alkane.

Examples:

CH3CH2CH2CH3
The longest continuous chain is a four-carbon chain, so the parent alkane is butane.

CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3
The longest continuous chain is a five-carbon chain, so the parent alkane is pentane. The substituent on the second carbon is a methyl group, so the name is 2-methylpentane.

CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH3
The longest continuous chain is a four-carbon chain, so the parent alkane is butane. The substituent on the third carbon is a methyl group, so the name is 2-methylbutane.

CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3
The longest continuous chain is a five-carbon chain, so the parent alkane is pentane. The substituent on the second carbon is a methyl group, and the substituent on the fourth carbon is an ethyl group. The name is 2-methyl-4-ethylpentane.

Facebook Group Link:
  / 1752510485044985