Rokok atau Vape? Yang Mana Lebih Bahaya?

Banyak orang yang dulunya kecanduan rokok beralih menggunakan rokok elektronik / vape karena dianggap lebih aman.
Rokok elektronik awalnya disarankan sebagai Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) untuk mengatasi kecanduan nikotin dengan cara mengurangi kadar nikotin secara bertahap dibawah supervisi dokter.

Bener gak sih rokok elektronik lebih aman dibandingkan rokok tembakau?
ini kata dokter...



Referensi :
1. BPOM. 2015. Info POM : Bahaya rokok elektronik racun berbalut teknologi. Jakarta: BPOM.
2. Caporale, A., Langham, M., Guo, W., Johncola, A., Chatterjee, S., Wehrli, F. 2019. Acute effects of electronic cigarette aerosol inhalation on vascular function detected at quantitative MRI. Radiology ;00:1–10.
3. Czolia, C., Goniewiczb, M., Palumbob, M., Whitea, C., Hammond, D. 2018. E-cigarette nicotine content and labelling practices in a restricted market : Findings from Ontario, Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy ; 58(2018):9–12.
4. Damayanti, A. 2016. Penggunaan rokok elektronik di komunitas personal vaporizer Surabaya. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ;4(2): 250–261.
5. Lee, H., Parka, S., Wenga, M., Wanga, H., Huang, W., Leporb, H., et al. 2018. E-cigarette smoke damages DNA and reduces repair activity in mouse lung, heart, and bladder as well as in human lung and bladder cells. PNAS : E1560-69.
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7. Miyashita, L., Suri, R., Dearing, E., et al. 2018. E-cigarette vapour enhances pneumococcal adherence to airway epithelial cells. Eur Respir J ;51(1701592):1-10.
8. Pankow, J.F., Kim, K., McWhirter, K.J., Luo, W.,Escobedo, J.O., Strongin, R.M., et al.2017. Benzene formation in electronic cigarettes. PLoS ONE ;12(3):1-10.
9. Qasim, H., Karim, Z., Rivera, J., Khasawneh, F., Alshbool, F. 2017. Impact of electronic cigarettes on the cardiovascular system. Journal of the American Heart Association : 1-14.
10. Varlet,V., Farsalinos, K., Augsburger, M., Thomas,A., Etter, J. 2015.Toxicity assessment of refill liquids for electronic cigarettes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health ;12:4796-4815.
11. WHO. 2016. A systematic review of health effects ofelectronic cigarettes. Geneva : WHO.
12. William, M., Trtchounian A, Talbot, P. 2010. Conventional and electronic cigarette (E-cigarette) have different smoking characteristics. Nicotine Tobacco Res ;12: 905–912.