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Fungi general characters, hyphae, mycelium, heterothallism, reproduction, cell wall chitin,..

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The word fungus (plural ; Fungi) is a Latin word meaning mushroom. The branch of science that deals with study of fungi is called mycology and branch that deals with the study of fungal diseases is called fungal pathology.

Definition
Fungi are group of those plants whose form is thallus and are mostly haploid, build of single cell (unicellular) or cells (multicellular) that posses definite cell wall and nucleus but lack chlorophyll (achlorophyllous) and heterotrophic.

Distribution
They are cosmopolitan in distribution and are ubiquitous i.e. occur in any habitat where life is possible. Fungi are a very large group having about 5,100 genera and more than 50,000 species.

Habitat
Most of them are moisture loving and terrestrial and a few are aquatic (e.g saprolegnia). Many species are parasitic, infecting plants, animals and human-beings and few are epiphytic (e.g. Armillaria on apple tree cause red rot of apple). Grow well at 20-30 degree celsius and at acidic pH 6.0.