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Feudalism led to the defeat of the Rajputs against Turks | Feudalism | IPS, Ex-DIG, Gold Medalist

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Introduction
Feudalism was a dominant social system in mediaeval times.
In this system nobility held lands from the king in exchange for military services
Vessels were tenants of nobles, peasants were obliged to live on their lords land and give him taxes, labour and share of produce in exchange for military protection

Origin of feudalism in India from post Gupta period
Social crisis
Abrogation of duties by vaishyas and shudras
Heavy burden of taxes upon peasantry
Revolt by Kalabhra predominantly tribals and peasants against Brahmadeya villages
Origin of varna samkar or intermixture of social classes
Decline of trade and commerce from 6th century onwards
Decay of towns

Features of Indian feudalism
Land grants to priests, free from taxes
Beneficiary given the rights to govern the rights living in the donated villages
Government officials and royal retainers were not permitted to enter into these donated villages
Power to punish criminal offenders were delegated to brahmins
Villages were granted to brahmins and government officials in perpetuity
From 6th century onwards government officials were granted lands in leave of salaries
These situation created evaluation of landlordism in India
Resulted into devolution of central state authority
Landed beneficiaries could neither cultivate land nor cultivate revenue on their own
Actual cultivation interested to peasants
Granted villages, put agriculturist under the control of religious beneficiaries
Artisans and peasants were asked to not to leave villages granted to the beneficiaries, thereby preventing mass mobility

Difference between Indian feudalism and European Feudalism
Indian feudalism was based upon the caste system which divided the society into 4 varnas - Brahmanas, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudras
European feudalism divided the society into church, nobility and commoners
Western European feudal lords granted lands to their serfs in order to get their own land cultivated
Indian kings made grants to collect taxes and surplus. There was no system of serfdom in India
In Europe a landowner (lord) gave a fief along with a promise with military and legal protection in return for payment of some kind from the person who received it
The payment of the vessel to the lord came in the form of military service, the regular payment of produce or money
The vessel received any income from the land, had authority over its habitat and could pass the same rights on to its heirs.

Impact of feudalism
Changes in varna system, Shudras became agriculturists. Most of the Vaishyas engaged in trades and commerce. Some of them became educated and started working as manager of the estates.
Numerous castes were born
Rise of regional identities because of localism
Growth of regional scripts
Development of Apabhramsa instead of Prakrit
Growth of vernacular languages
Growth of divine hierarchy
Growth of brahamanisation among tribal belts
Increased in the cultivating areas
Weakening of the central authority
Strengthening of the caste and clan system

Conclusion
1. Feudalism led to the decline and downfall of central authorities
2. It created states within states. So whenever, central authority became weak feudatories captured power
3. The deadly combination of caste, clan and feudal relationship caused immense political and military damage to India
4. Indian could not withstand the attacks of Muslim invaders because of the disunities arising out of these factors.