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shortcuts for calculating percentage-based questions, particularly those involving expenditure and income:

Expenditure and Income Percentage Calculations

Calculating percentages is a crucial skill for solving problems involving expenditure and income. Here are some shortcuts to help you quickly calculate percentages:

1. Finding a Percentage of a Number

Formula: (Percentage/100) × Number

Example: Find 25% of ₹1,000.

(25/100) × 1000 = ₹250

2. Finding the Percentage Increase or Decrease

Formula: ((New Value - Old Value)/Old Value) × 100

Example: If the price of a product increases from ₹500 to ₹600, find the percentage increase.

((600 - 500)/500) × 100 = 20%

3. Finding the Discount Percentage

Formula: ((Marked Price - Selling Price)/Marked Price) × 100

Example: A product is marked at ₹1,200 and sold at ₹960. Find the discount percentage.

((1200 - 960)/1200) × 100 = 20%