Rutherford Atomic Model | Gold Foil Experiment | Discovery of Nucleus | Defects

In this Easy to understand lecture, you will learn. How Rutherford performed, the gold foil experiment, and what observations made by his experiment, to explain the structure of Atom known as Rutherford Atomic Model.

Rutherford gold foil experiment:-
He Bombarded, Alpha particles on a very thick Gold foil. Alpha particles are actually helium nuclei, They can penetrate through matter to some extent. Alpha particles are emitted by radioactive elements, like radium, and polonium. He observed the effects of alpha-particles on a photographic plate coated with zinc sulphide, that glow when hit by particles.

Observations made by experiment:-
Some of the alpha particles, went straight through the gold foil. without any deflection, just as predicted by Rutherford. But some particles were deflected at small angles. while others bounced back completely! This deflection, rejected the plum pudding model of Atom and set a base for a new atomic model known as Rutherford atomic model.

Results of Experiment:-
Keeping in view the experiment. Rutherford proposed a planetary model for an atom, and concluded the following results.
1. Since most of the particles passed through the foil un-deflected, therefore most of the volume occupied by an atom is empty.
2. The deflection of a few particles proved that, there is a center of positive charge in an atom. which is called, 'nucleus', of an atom.
3. The complete rebounce of a few particles, shows that, the nucleus is very dense and hard.
4. Since a few particles were deflected, it shows that the size of the nucleus is very small, as compared to the total volume of an atom.
5. The negatively charged electrons revolve around the nucleus except electrons, all other fundamental particles that lies within the nucleus, are known as nucleons.

Defects of the Rutherford Atomic model:-
we are going to discuss, some defects of the Rutherford atomic model.
1. if the electrons revolve continuously around the nucleus. they should release, or emit. energy continuously and ultimately fall into the nucleus and the Rutherford atom should collapse.
2. If the electrons emit, energy continuously. they should form a continuous spectrum. but in fact, Atoms give line spectrum.
Hence, It indicated that Rutherford's model was not perfect. So the Scientists considered, there must be another model to explain the structure of Atom.

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