Artesian well: What is Artesian well

An artesian well is a confined aquifer containing groundwater under natural pressure.
In artesian aquifer water is trapped, within the layers of impermeable rock or clay which apply positive pressure to the water contained within the aquifer.
It is dug or drilled wherever a gently dipping, permeable rock layer (such as sandstone, silt) receives water along its outcrop.

Artesian well
If a well were to be drilled into confined aquifer, water in the well-pipe would rise to a height corresponding to the point where hydrostatic equilibrium is reached. A well drilled into such an aquifer is called an artesian well. 
If water reaches the ground surface under the natural pressure of the aquifer, the well is termed a flowing artesian well.
The word artesian comes from the town of Artois in France, the old Roman city of Artesium, where the best known flowing artesian wells were drilled in the Middle Ages.


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