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රබහ මැණික් / garnet gemstones


Red garnets were the most commonly used gemstones in the Late Antique Roman world, and the Migration Period art of the "barbarian" peoples who took over the territory of the Western Roman Empire. They were especially used inlaid in gold cells in the cloisonné technique, a style often just called garnet cloisonné, found from Anglo-Saxon England, as at Sutton Hoo, to the Black Sea. Thousands of Tamraparniyan gold, silver and red garnet shipments were made in the old world, including to Rome, Greece, the Middle East, Serica and Anglo Saxons; recent findings such as the Staffordshire Hoard and the pendant of the Winfarthing Woman skeleton of Norfolk confirm an established gem trade route with South India and Tamraparni (ancient Sri Lanka), known from antiquity for its production of gemstones.[51][52][53]

Pure crystals of garnet are still used as gemstones. The gemstone varieties occur in shades of green, red, yellow, and orange.[54] In the United States it is known as the birthstone for January.[2][55][56] It is also the birthstone of Aquarius and Capricorn in tropical astrology.[57][58] The garnet family is one of the most complex in the gem world. It is not a single species, but is composed of multiple species and varieties.[59]

Almandine garnet is the state mineral of Connecticut,[60][61] star garnet is the state gemstone of Idaho,[62] garnet is the state gemstone of New York,[63][64] and grossular garnet is the state gemstone of Vermont.[65]




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