Скачать или смотреть Computer Architecture: The ABSOLUTE Must-Know Concepts (Exam Refresher & Deep Dive)

The Von Neumann Model: Learn about this essential blueprint that set the stage for everything. It was a revolutionary idea by John von Neumann in 1945 that a computer's memory could hold both its instructions and its data in the exact same place.
The CPU (Central Processing Unit): Often called the brain of the whole operation. It boils down to two key parts working together:
The ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit), which acts as the calculator for all the math and logical comparisons.
The Control Unit, which is like the traffic cop, directing the flow of information.
The Memory Hierarchy: Understand the constant balancing act between speed, size, and cost. The hierarchy is organized like a pyramid:
Registers: Tiny, lightning-fast memory right inside the CPU—the absolute fastest type.
Cache: A cheat sheet for frequently used data.
Main Memory (RAM): The main workbench.
Secondary Storage: For stuff you want to keep around for a long time, like a hard drive.
The Four Generations of Computing: Trace the super-fast evolution of modern computing, where each generation was kicked off by a massive technological leap.
First Generation: Room-sized monsters using thousands of unreliable vacuum tubes.
Second Generation: The game-changing transistor made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable.
Third Generation: The integrated circuit (IC) squeezed hundreds of transistors onto one silicon chip, leading to the first mini-computers.
Fourth Generation: The microprocessor put the entire CPU onto a single chip, making personal computers possible.
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