Скачать или смотреть What is Liver Pancreas & Gallbladder? - English | Class 10 Science Biology Chapter 1 Life Processes

Liver Gallbladder & Pancreas | X | Biology | Life Processes | Digestion & Absorption | BurnYourBooksOpenYourMind | BYBOYM | Foundation4Neet | NCERT | NEET | Biology | BOTANY | Zoology | - NCERT CLASS10 CHAPTER 1 BIOLOGY SCIENCE ENGLISH NOTES CBSE

This is the Eighteenth topic in the first chapter of Biology for NEET FOUNDATION X. The First chapter is Life Processes. #F4NXC01T18

What you'll Learn?
 Liver
 Hepatocytes
 Hepatic Lobules
 Pancreas
 Pancreatic Juice
 Gall bladder
 Ducts of the Digestive System
 Bile Juice
 Bile Salts
 Bile Pigments
 The action of Bile Juice
 Emulsification
 Micelle
 Functions of Liver
 Functions of Bile

The liver is the largest gland of the body situated on the right side of the abdomen just below the diaphragm. The liver contains two lobes that are covered by a sheath known as Glisson’s capsule. It weighs around 1.5-1.8 kg in males and 1.2 -1.4 kg in females.
We know that cell is the structural and functional unit of life, neurons are the functional units of nervous system.
similarly,
Hepatic lobules are the structural and functional units of the liver that contain hepatic cells. Hepatocytes produce and secrete around 0.5 -1L of bile per day. The bile produced is stored in the gallbladder and has an aveerage pH of 8.0.
Bile juice is a mixture of bile salts and bile pigments along with water, cholesterol, and phospholipids. Bile is a yellow-green fluid.
Bile salts help in the digestion of fats. Bile salts are sodium bicarbonate, sodium taurocholate and sodium glycocholate.
Bile pigments are waste products produced upon the destruction of old RBCs in the liver. Bile pigments are bilirubin and biliverdin.
Functions of Bile:
To make the chyme alkaline: The food coming from the stomach is acidic in nature due to the the presence of HCl and is therefore required to be made alkaline in order for the pancreatic enzymes to act on it.
The second function of bile is the emulsification of fats.
Before understanding emulsification let's first understand two concepts.
Like dissolves like i.e., polar compounds dissolve in polar solvents and non-polar compounds dissolve in non-polar solvent. This means NaCl or table salt having ionic bond and being polar in nature would dissolve in water but not in acetone. Similarly fatty stains such as grease or food stains would dissolve in non-polar solvent such as acetone, benzene, ether and petrol.

Emulsification of fat: Fats are insoluble in water and therefore form large globules. In order for enzymes to act upon them, larger globules must be first broken down into smaller globules to increase the exposed surface area for enzymatic action. This process of degradation of large fat globules into smaller droplets is called emulsification.
Functions of Liver:
It secretes bile juice.
It produces urea
Storage of glycogen
Synthesis of vitamin A from β-carotene,
Synthesis of RBCs in embryo.
Secretion of heparin, an anticoagulant and plasma proteins, fibrinogen & prothrombin(inactive blood clotting plasma proteins)
Detoxification of drugs, toxins and chemicals
Elimination of worn-out RBCs, WBCs, pathogens & foreign particles through phagocytic cells.
Pancreas
The pancreas is a greyish-pink gland that is soft and lobulated. Pancreas weighs around 60 grams and are about 2.5cm wide and 12-15cm long.
The pancreas secretes alkaline pancreatic juice(pH = 8.4). The hepatopancreatic duct carries the pancreatic juice to the duodenum. The enzyme enterokinase secreted by intestinal glands present in succus entericus(intestinal juice) converts the inactive proenzyme trypsinogen into active enzyme trypsin.
Composition of Pancreatic Juice:

Protein-digesting enzymes
Trypsinogen, Chymotrypsinogen, Procarboxypeptidase
Carbohydrate-digesting enzyme
Pancreatic Amylase
Fat-digesting enzyme
Pancreatic Lipase
Nucleotide-digesting enzyme
Nucleases
Bicarbonates

1.9.5 GALL BLADDER

It is a small yellowish-green sac situated on the inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver. It is about 3 cm in width and with a capacity of 30-50 mL.

The main function of the gallbladder is to store and concentrate bile. Upon the arrival of fatty food in the small intestine, the pancreas releases bile in the duodenum via the hepato-pancreatic duct. The sphincter of oddi is a muscular valve that regulates and controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater.

Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:17 Liver
1:12 Bile Juice
1:40 Functions of Bile
2:12 Like dissolves like
2:43 What is a micelle?
4:03 Functions of Liver
4:44 Pancreas
5:51 Gallbladder
7:06 Do You Know?