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Leaves contain various colored pigments like orange, yellow, green, etc. But among all these pigments, only green colored pigment called chlorophyll traps sunlight and helps leaves prepare food. Since green colored chlorophyll has such an important function, the amount of chlorophyll is much higher in leaves, causing them to usually appear green.

Now during autumn or fall, there is not enough sunlight for chlorophyll to trap. As a result, leaves are not able to prepare much food. Hence, the plant begins to shed its leaves instead of wasting energy on their maintenance. However, before shedding, the plant absorbs required nutrients from the leaves and breaks down chlorophyll. Now, since chlorophyll is broken down, other pigments in leaves become visible, resulting in the change of color.

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