the king of css timing functions css steps

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understanding css timing functions: steps

in css, timing functions control the acceleration and deceleration of animations. the `steps()` timing function is particularly interesting because it allows you to create animations that change state at defined intervals rather than smoothly transitioning between values. this creates a "stepped" effect, similar to frames in a flipbook or sprite animation.

syntax of `steps()`

the basic syntax of the `steps()` function is:



**`number_of_steps`**: an integer that defines how many steps the animation will take. for example, `steps(4)` will divide the animation into four discrete steps.
**`direction`**: this optional parameter can be either `start` or `end`:
`start`: the change occurs at the start of each step.
`end`: the change occurs at the end of each step (this is the default).

how `steps()` works

when you use `steps()`, the animation will jump from one keyframe to the next without any smooth transition, making it great for certain types of animations, such as character sprites or ui changes that require clear state changes.

example code

let’s create a simple example that demonstrates the `steps()` timing function in action. we will create a simple box that changes color in discrete steps when hovered over.

html



css (styles.css)



explanation

1. **html structure**: a simple `div` with a class of `color-box` is created to represent the animated element.

2. **styling**:
the `body` is styled to center the box both vertically and horizontally.
the `.color-box` is initially red and has a defined width and height.
the `transition` property on `.color-box` uses `steps(3)`, which means that when the hover state is triggered, the background color will change in three discrete steps over one second.

3. **hover effect**: when the box is hovered over, the background color transitions from red to green using the defined `steps()` timing function. the transition will appear to be choppy ...

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