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Concept of Equality | UGC NET Political Science | UPSC PSIR Optional | Political Theory

This lecture explains the Concept of Equality, a key topic in UGC NET Political Science and UPSC PSIR Optional Paper 1. Understanding equality is crucial for answering both theoretical and applied questions in political theory.

The Concept of Equality refers to the principle that all individuals should be treated equally in terms of rights, opportunities, and legal status. Theories of equality are explored in areas like political, social, economic, and legal equality. Thinkers like Rousseau and Marx emphasize equality in democratic rights and economic justice, while John Rawls focuses on fairness in the distribution of resources. The concept of equality is foundational in political theory, shaping ideas of justice and democracy in society.

I have forgotten to add one key debate in this lecture. The debate on Equity vs Equality. Here is a summary for your help.
The equality vs equity debate is about how we treat people fairly. Equality means giving everyone the same thing, no matter their situation. For example, in a classroom, if every student gets the same textbook, that’s equality. But some students may need extra help to understand the material, and others may not.

Equity means giving people what they need to have the same opportunities. So, in this case, students who need extra help might get tutoring or additional resources, while others may not. The goal is to ensure that everyone has a fair chance to succeed, even if they start from different places.

In this session, you will learn:
What is Equality? Different meanings and dimensions
Types of Equality: Political, Economic, Social, and Legal
Thinkers on Equality: Rousseau, Marx, Rawls
Liberal, Socialist, and Libertarian perspectives on Equality
Importance of Equality in a democratic society

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