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Buoyancy is the tendency of an object to float in a fluid. All liquids and gases in the presence of gravity exert an upward force known as the buoyant force on any object immersed in them. Buoyancy results from the differences in pressure acting on opposite sides of an object immersed in a static fluid. After reading this article, you will be able to explain the buoyant force and why fluids exert an upward buoyant force on submerged objects. Let’s go through buoyancy meaning and different aspects of buoyant force.


What Is a Buoyant Force?
The buoyant force is the upward force exerted on an object wholly or partly immersed in a fluid. This upward force is also called Upthrust. Due to the buoyant force, a body submerged partially or fully in a fluid appears to lose its weight, i.e. appears to be lighter.

The following factors affect buoyant force:

the density of the fluid
the volume of the fluid displaced
the local acceleration due to gravity
An object whose density is greater than that of the fluid in which it is submerged tends to sink. If the object is either less dense than the liquid or is shaped appropriately (as in a boat), the force can keep the object afloat. In terms of relative density, if the relative density is less than one, it floats in water and substances with a relative density greater than one sink in water.


What Causes Buoyant Force?
Buoyant Force

When an object is immersed in water or any other fluid, we observe that the object experiences a force from the downward direction opposite to the gravitational pull, which is responsible for the decrease in its weight. This upward force exerted by the fluid opposes the weight of an object immersed in a fluid. As we know, the pressure in a fluid column increases with depth. Thus, the pressure at the bottom of an object submerged in the fluid is greater than that at the top. The difference in this pressure results in a net upward force on the object, which we define as buoyancy.
Demonstration of Buoyant Force
Buoyancy

When we submerge an object in a fluid, an upward force is experienced by the object. The fluid applies this force on the object, which causes it to rise, and we call this force buoyant force. The magnitude of this force is precisely equal to the amount of weight of the liquid displaced.

The point where the buoyant force is applied or the point on the object where the force acts is termed the centre of Buoyancy.




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