What are pipe unions & bushings

In this video Professor Jim is going to talk about adapters fittings and flanges. Adapters are Fittings that join together components were not made to be fitted directly.
Also bushings that have male threading on one end and female threading on the other end. Also we will talk briefly about flanges. However we will go more in depth on flanges in other videos.
So after this video we hope to go over the characteristics of these items and also list the different types of unions, and describe the 3 parts of the union.
Adapters: are fittings used to connect pipe of different materials that requires different joining methods. Adapters are also known as transition fittings because they are able to link between pipe that wouldn’t otherwise be possible to connect
Bushing: bushing is a straight line fittings that is entered into one end of a pipe in order for it to be fitted with a pipe with a smaller diameter. It’s a straight line fitting with one male end and one female end.
Bushings can have various ends. Plain, threaded on one side or threaded on both sides. When ordering be sure to list the outside diameter first and then the inside diameter … give example.
A bushing will sometimes have a hex head. If the hex head is larger then the bushing it is called a outside hex head bushing, if its smaller then its called an inside hex head bushing.
Union: another fitting for a straight line is a union. The union has 3 parts to it.
1. Top part is used to connect to pipe
2. The nut tightens down the joint
3. The bottom part to connect to other pipe
The value of the union is that you can disconnect the pipe without actually turning the pipe. The surface area where the two connections touch is called the seat. The seat can be made of the same material or a softer material to ensure a tight seal.