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Artificial light, extended work-time and reduced sleep-time disrupt the activity of:

A Thymus gland
B Pineal gland
C Adrenal gland
D Posterior pituitary gland

Artificial light, extended work time, and reduced sleep time disrupt the activity of the pineal gland. This is because artificial light suppresses the production of melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that helps regulate the body's 24-hour (circadian rhythm) sleep-wake cycle.


Pineal gland function: The pineal gland is a key endocrine gland that secretes melatonin, a hormone essential for regulating your body's internal clock.

Effect of light: Artificial light, especially blue light, is a powerful stimulus that suppresses melatonin secretion.

Circadian rhythm disruption: By suppressing melatonin, artificial light disrupts the natural regulation of circadian rhythms, which are responsible for sleep-wake patterns. Extended work and reduced sleep further contribute to this disruption.

Health implications: The disruption of circadian rhythms and sleep can have broader health consequences, affecting everything from sleep quality to immune function and metabolic processes.

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