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Deep inside the earth, there is a layer of shale rocks. These rocks contain fossil fuels like oil and gas in their pores. To extract these fuels, a technique called fracking or hydraulic fracturing is used.

In fracking, a vertical well is drilled into the layer of shale rocks. Then, the drill is turned by 90 degrees and drilling continues horizontally. When the targeted distance is reached, the fracking well is encased.

Then, a perforating gun is inserted in the well. When the perforating gun reaches the required distance, the rocks are perforated. Then the perforating gun is removed and a fracking fluid is pumped in the well. This fluid builds pressure in the perforations creating cracks in the rocks, thus releasing the fossil fuels. These fuels and the fracking fluid are then drawn to the surface.