Скачать или смотреть How to Successfully Import Variables Between Python Files

Learn how to import and use variables from one Python file in another, avoiding common errors and misconceptions.
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This video is based on the question https://stackoverflow.com/q/76735592/ asked by the user 'Ankush Soni' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/16657360/ ) and on the answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/76771423/ provided by the user 'User051209' ( https://stackoverflow.com/u/18108367/ ) at 'Stack Overflow' website. Thanks to these great users and Stackexchange community for their contributions.

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Resolving Variable Import Issues in Python

When working on a Python project, it's common to have multiple files containing various functions and variables. However, developers often encounter challenges when trying to import variables from one file to another. If you're facing a situation where you want to use a variable from a function in file1.py within file2.py, this guide will walk you through the steps needed to accomplish this along with solutions to common pitfalls.

The Scenario

The Setup

Consider you have two Python files: file1.py and file2.py. file1.py includes functions for generating keys, and you want to use a specific variable (want) inside file2.py that is produced in the generate_keys function.

The structure of file1.py is as follows:

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In file2.py, you are trying to access the want variable with the following approach:

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As you observed, attempting to access want leads to an AttributeError, which means the variable is not available in the context you're trying to access it. Let's explore the solution.

Importing the Desired Variable

There are two main approaches to successfully import the want variable.

Approach 1: Use Global Variable

Define want Globally in file1.py:
To make it accessible across various functions while maintaining its state, declare want as a global variable at the top of file1.py.

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Modify Import Statement in file2.py:
Change your import statements to ensure compatibility. Remove the from file1 import *. Instead, do the following:

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Approach 2: Return the Variable

If you'd prefer not to use globals, consider returning the want variable directly from your function:

Modify the generate_keys Function:

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Update file2.py:
Now, you can unpack the returned values conveniently.

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Conclusion

By following either of these approaches, you can easily access and utilize variables across multiple Python files without running into common errors. Using global variables can be a quick fix, but returning values from functions often leads to a cleaner and more maintainable codebase.

In summary, whether you use global scope or return values, understanding how Python manages variables and scopes is essential for effective programming.

Feel free to explore the methods that best suit your programming style and project requirements.