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Unto This Last, and Other Essays on Political Economy. By John Ruskin. Full Audiobook
Unto This Last, and Other Essays on Political Economy is a collection of four essays written by John Ruskin, an English art critic, social thinker, and philanthropist. The book was first published in 1860 and was highly controversial at the time. The essays are a critique of the political economy of the Victorian era and its emphasis on industrialization, capitalism, and free trade. Ruskin argues that the economy should be based on moral principles and that the welfare of the people should be the primary concern of the state.

The first essay, "The Roots of Honour," argues that work is the foundation of society and that it should be done with dignity and respect. Ruskin believes that the division of labor and the factory system have degraded work and made it monotonous and dehumanizing. He advocates for a return to the medieval guild system, where workers were trained in a variety of skills and had a sense of pride in their work.

The second essay, "The Veins of Wealth," critiques the idea that wealth is the accumulation of money and property. Ruskin argues that true wealth is the ability to create and enjoy beauty, and that the pursuit of money for its own sake is a form of idolatry. He also criticizes the free market system, which he believes leads to the exploitation of workers and the degradation of the environment.

The third essay, "Qui Judicatis Terram," is a critique of the legal system and its failure to protect the poor and vulnerable. Ruskin argues that the law should be based on moral principles and that it should be used to promote justice and equality.

The final essay, "Ad Valorem," is a critique of the taxation system and its failure to promote the common good. Ruskin argues that taxes should be based on the value of goods and services, rather than on income or property. He also advocates for a progressive tax system, where the wealthy pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes than the poor.

In conclusion, Unto This Last, and Other Essays on Political Economy is a powerful critique of the political economy of the Victorian era and a call for a more just and equitable society. Ruskin's ideas are still relevant today, and his emphasis on the moral foundations of the economy is a reminder that economics is not just about numbers, but about people and their well-being. I hope this summary helps!
More: John Ruskin, Unto This Last, Political Economy
Essays, Art Critic, Social Critic
Author, Poet, Artist
Wealth, Money, Labour
Currency, Laws, Governments

00:00:00 THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ART
00:00:31 Preface
00:03:49 Lecture 1
01:22:25 Lecture 2
02:50:58 Addenda
03:51:58 UNTO THIS LAST: FOUR ESSAYS ON THE FIRST PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
03:52:25 Preface
04:02:52 Essay 1. The Roots Of Honour
04:37:34 Essay 2. The Veins Of Wealth
05:02:57 Essay 3. "Qui Judicatis Terram"
05:33:19 Essay 4. Ad Valorem
06:35:33 ESSAYS ON POLITICAL ECONOMY
06:35:47 1. Maintenance Of Life; Wealth, Money, And Riches
07:05:45 2. Nature Of Wealth, Variations Of Value, The National Store, Nature Of Labour, Value And Price, The Currency
07:56:08 3. The Currency-Holders And Store-Holders. The Disease Of Desire
08:36:09 4. Laws And Governments: Labour And Riches