Realism, in philosophy, refers to the view that the “reality” of any material objects exists in the external world independently of the human mind. Put differently, realism holds that what one perceives is real and is out there existing in concrete reality.
Realism is the notion that the world exists in terms of matter, separate from the world of ideas and independent of it. Aristotle (384 BC–322 BC), the father of realism, was a student of Plato, and adapted his philosophies from that of his teacher. Considering that both men were from the same small community, it is astonishing that both Plato’s and Aristotle’s philosophies of education have endured for thousands of years. Much like idealism, there are three branches of realism: classical, religious, and modern.
The ideas proposed by Aristotle can be classified as classical realism. Classical realism suggests that matter is real and that it is separate from our perceptions. You may not see it, hear it, or feel it, but it nevertheless exists. Education cultivates the capacity to reason, which allows for proper choices. Aristotle asserted that ideas can exist without matter, but matter cannot exist without ideas.
If one understands the matter, then one will be led to understanding the idea. The idea makes it clear that the underlying question of classical realism is purpose. Aristotle also theorized the idea of free will. He realized that some people choose not to reason but encouraged humanity to seek the Golden
Religious realism in Christianity was founded by St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1275). Aquinas presumed that God is pure reasoning, which is the truth of all things. He believed the sole purpose of existence is to reunite the soul with God.
Modern realism was fashioned by the philosophers Francis Bacon (1561–1626) and John Locke (1632–1704). Locke conjectured that everything we know comes from experience and from reflecting on that experience. We are not born with any innate or preconceived ideas, but rather are a blank slate. Bacon attempted to change the structure of realism from deductive reasoning to an inductive approach. The inductive approach would reform realists’ thinking from a specific idea in the physical world to a more general assumption, ignoring preconceived notions. Bacon identified the origins of our preconceived notions, encouraging humanity to disregard these ideas.
Realism has probably had the greatest impact on educational philosophy, because it is the foundation of scientific reasoning. Realist educators encourage students to draw their observations and conclusions from the world around them, rather than confining themselves to an analysis of their own ideas. The modern role of a teacher—that of an organizer, systematizer, and promoter of critical thinking—is largely founded on realist principles. Realist educators are objective, believing in a systematic approach to order and classified knowledge, building on previously learned information. They are less likely to encourage their students to seek the truth in literature and ideas, instead encouraging them to seek the truth by testing learned principles on the world around them.
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We will discuss the following points in this video:
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POINTS: -
Realism
Fundamental principles
Principles of education
Aims of education
Curriculum
Methods of teaching
Teacher
Discipline
School
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