Скачать или смотреть Baradri ism in subcontinent

While the Hindu-centric, religiously enforced caste system doesn't officially exist in Pakistan, a similar system of social stratification based on tribal ancestry, occupation, and land ownership persists, often referred to as zaat or biradari. The concept of 'Scheduled Castes' for historically marginalized non-Muslim communities does exist officially, but social discrimination and economic disparity, especially for lower castes and minority communities like Dalits, remain significant issues in practice. 

Official Recognition vs. Social Reality

Official Status:

The Pakistani constitution promotes equality, but there is a formal recognition of "Scheduled Castes" for historically disadvantaged communities. 

Social Practice:

Despite official stances, social hierarchies and discrimination based on birth and occupation are deeply embedded in Pakistani society. 

Characteristics of the Pakistani System

Zaat/Biradari:

These terms refer to tribal affiliations and ancestry, which influence social status and power. 

Occupational Hierarchy:

In rural areas, traditional roles like landowning farmers (Zamindars) and service providers (Kammis) create a hierarchical system where some are dominant and others are marginalized. 

Feudal Origins:

The system has roots in feudal agricultural societies, where specific professions and land ownership dictated social standing. 

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