Class (100) = Lipid (Part 02) | Bees wax (Source, Preparation, Chemistry, Chemical test & Uses)

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BEESWAX
Synonyms:
Cera Flaba, Cera Alba. Yellow Wax, White Wax

Biological source:
Beeswax is the purified wax obtained from the honeycomb of the honeybee. Apis mellifica Linn and other species of Apis. They belong to the insect family Apidae.

Preparation:
Combs and capping of honeycomb are kept in boiling water, for melting. The water-soluble impurities are dissolved and other impurities sink in the water. On cooling, the melted wax gets solidity and floats on the water surface. Wax is removed and the process is repeated several times to get pure yellow beeswax. This is bleached with charcoal, potassium per-magnate, chlorine, ozone, chromic acid or hydrogen peroxide to obtained white beeswax. Natural bleaching is done by exposing a thin layer of yellow beeswax to sunlight.

Description:
Colour – White or Yellow Odour – honey like Taste – Waxy Fracture – brittle and granular
Solubility – Soluble in chloroform, ether and in both essential and fatty oils, but insoluble in water

Chemical constituents:
Beeswax consists of about 80 percent of melissyl palmitate, about 15 percent of free cerotic acid and small quantities of an aromatic substance, cerolein.Lipids like wax- myricyl palmitate (80%).

Adulterants:
Beeswax is frequently adulterated with solid paraffin, various fats and resin and stearic acid.

Uses:
1. Beeswax is used as a Pharmaceutic aid, in the preparation of ointment and as a base for cerates.
2. Beeswax is used in the preparation of plaster, and polishes.
3. It is used in an ointment for hardening purpose and in the manufacture of candles,

Standard:
1. Melting Point -62-640,
2. Refractive Index at 80°: 1.4383 to 1.4420,
3. Specific Gravity- 0.958 to 0.970.
4. Ester value: 80- 95
5. Acid value: 5-8

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