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The provided texts offer a multifaceted perspective on human evolution, focusing on the complexity of hominin lineages and the emergence of modern humans. One source challenges traditional evolutionary "tree models" in favor of a "structured African metapopulation model" for Homo sapiens origins, suggesting continuous gene flow and fragmentation across the continent rather than simple branching. Complementary sources detail the species Homo erectus and the Denisovans, highlighting their extensive geographical dispersal, use of stone tools (like the Acheulean industry), and crucial role in the interbreeding web of archaic and modern humans. Additionally, the Sima de los Huesos hominins are discussed as a population of "pre-Neanderthals" from Spain, offering an exceptionally complete fossil record that provides insights into Neanderthal evolution, morphology, and the possibility of practices like intentional burial or even hibernation during cold periods. Together, the sources emphasize a highly dynamic and non-linear history of human development characterized by multiple migrations, admixture events, and mosaic-like evolutionary patterns.