Скачать или смотреть Use of ampersand (&) in scanf function

Scanf and printf both are functions.

Printf function just prints the value hence it just needs to read the value of the variable. Therefore the value of the variable should be passed and not the reference. The actual parameters are copied into formal parameters and then the formal parameters in the printf function are used to print the value of the variables on the screen.
In printf function the values are read from the copy of the variable.

Whereas in scanf the value extracted from the console should be inserted into the variable hence the reference of the variable is passed to the scanf function so that the extracted value can be directly inserted into the variable via its reference.
In scanf function the value is inserted directly into the variable and not to its copy. Hence updates can be accessed in the calling function.
Note- To pass a reference of var we add & before the variable name

For more clarification go through the concepts of pass by value and reference and read the explanation again...

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