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Persia, historically known as one of the world's oldest civilizations, encompasses a rich tapestry of culture, history, and geography in what is now modern-day Iran and surrounding regions. Its influence has stretched across millennia, leaving an indelible mark on the development of the Middle East and beyond.

Geographically, Persia is situated in Southwest Asia, bordered by the Caspian Sea to the north, the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea to the south, and the countries of Turkey, Iraq, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. This strategic location has made Persia a crossroads of trade, culture, and empires throughout history.

The history of Persia is deeply intertwined with its diverse peoples, languages, and religions. Ancient Persia was home to several influential civilizations, including the Elamites, Medes, and Achaemenids. The Achaemenid Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BCE, became one of the largest empires in history, encompassing territories from Egypt and Greece to India.

Under the Achaemenid rulers, particularly Darius I and Xerxes I, Persia flourished culturally, economically, and administratively. The empire's capital, Persepolis, became a center of art, architecture, and commerce, showcasing the grandeur of Persian civilization.