Welcome to a journey back in time! Over 60 million years ago, Earth was a completely different place in terms of terrain and inhabitants. For millions of years, exceeding 160 million years, giant creatures known as Dinosaurs dominated the planet, ruling the land, sea, and air. Dinosaurs were a diverse group of vertebrate animals that began life on Earth over 230 million years ago. They were characterized by immense strength and giant weight, often reaching tens of tons, alongside their colossal heights. This diverse group included more than 1,000 different species.
How do we know about these extinct rulers? Despite their disappearance, researchers found clues through fossils and skeletons, sometimes by sheer coincidence and sometimes through deliberate expeditions. The first scientific study of dinosaur bones occurred in the late 17th century in England. In 1676, the first dinosaur bone was discovered in an Oxfordshire stone quarry, identified as a femur of a Megalosaurus. This Megalosaurus, which lived 166 million years ago, was the first dinosaur genus scientifically described and named. It is estimated to have exceeded 12 meters in length and walked on two hind feet.
We also explore the most famous species:
• T-Rex (Tyrannosaurus Rex): The "tyrant lizard king" lived in North America over 68 million years ago. It is the largest known carnivorous animal in history. T-Rex was a first-degree carnivore whose length exceeded 12 meters (the height of a four-story building), and its weight surpassed 14 tons. Researchers estimate its bite force to be the strongest in Earth's history, and it even consumed other giants like the Triceratops.
• Triceratops: One of the last genera to walk the Earth, living around 68 million years ago in North America. It is famous for its distinctive shape, including three frontal horns. It possessed one of the largest animal skulls ever, reaching 2.5 meters in length. Despite its fearsome appearance, the Triceratops was a herbivorous dinosaur.
• Eoraptor: Although dinosaurs are associated with massive size, some were small (less than one meter in length), such as the Eoraptor. It is classified as one of the oldest dinosaurs, with fossils estimated at 231 million years old. It was light (about 10 kg) and omnivorous.
We also touch upon significant finds in the Arab World, including the discovery of Aegyptosaurus (the Egyptian Dinosaur) in the Egyptian desert in 1932. Furthermore, the Egyptian Spinosaurus is one of the largest carnivores discovered, estimated to be 18 meters long and weigh 20 tons.
The biggest mystery remains: Why did the dinosaurs go extinct? The most famous theory, proposed by Professor Walter Alvarez, suggests a huge asteroid collided with Earth about 65 million years ago, causing an explosion that wiped out most creatures, including the dinosaurs. This is supported by the discovery of a large meteor impact site in Mexico.
Watch now to uncover the surprising truths about their lives, power, and final fate!
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