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Some facts.

History of origin
The ancestors of spaniels are listed as ash dogs that lived in the Bronze Age. Only our primitive ancestors know if this is true. Then history directs us to Europe. But where exactly is not entirely clear. According to one theory, in the old days the French knew the tailed "espaigneul", which means "Spanish dog". Another version says that long-eared hunters lived in ancient Phoenicia (the eastern part of the European continent). The Phoenicians had a word "spani" - rabbit.

And the French with their "Spanish" theory, and the ancient neighbors of the Israelites were outdone by the English, who announced to the whole world that spaniels are originally English hunting dogs, because "span span" means "high jumping", and cocker is an abbreviation of the word "woodcock". Everything else was long ago and is not true. The English even turned a blind eye to the ancient Greek frescoes that “documented” the presence of dogs with long ears in the Mediterranean.

The spaniels lived on the shores of Foggy Albion and did not grieve, despite the “interethnic” strife over their origin. The largest dogs were registered as springers, smaller puppies - in the field clan, and their undersized brothers - in cockers. The long-eared guys went for feathered game and small animals. Soon they became famous for their daring and excellent hunting instinct. True, hares, foxes and solid birds went to the sturdy springers and field spaniels. Well, the cockers were destined to hunt that very woodcock - a gray-brown bird with a long nose. The wood-cockadder was considered a noble bird, but it was far from being the king of the heather hills, the gauss, or the fat, handsome pheasant.

The notorious woodcock masterfully camouflages itself in withered grass, detects the slightest movements within a radius of 360º and changes its flight path completely unpredictably. In the competition between man and bird "who will outwit and figure out whom", it was the cockers who tipped the scales in favor of the wingless bipeds. And for this, the dogs needed the vision of a falcon, the hearing of a bat, the cunning of a fox, the jumping ability of a kangaroo and the super sense of smell of an elephant (not to be confused with charm). Yes, yes, this lop-eared inhabitant of the African savannah has the best sense of smell. Next to it, apparently, is our super-hunter cocker, who by the 19th century deservedly became the tailed symbol of England.

By the beginning of the century, American cockers shone on the dog podium. These tails were bred from our good old English cocker spaniels. But the "Americans" turned out to be just glamorous darlings of fate without a hint of working qualities. The countless spaniel fraternity had to be standardized somehow. Springers were recognized at the end of the 19th century, and in 1963 the English were able to officially separate Fields and Cockers. In 1974, the English Cocker Spaniel was recognized by the FCI.

Appearance, breed standards
The standard English Cocker Spaniel is characterized by the cobby type: a strong build, a short back and strong legs. Compared to the decoratively refined "American", the "Englishman" looks more massive, but his movements are very graceful. He has a larger head, but without the excessive roundness inherent in his overseas brothers. The English Cocker is slightly taller and does not have such long hair, although his "fur coat" is no worse than the satin cloak of a noble duke. Basic parameters:

males - height 39-41 cm, weight 12.5-14.5 kg;
females - height 38-39 cm, weight 12.5-14.5 kg.
Important! English Cockers weighing more than 15 kg become less active. Some fat big-eared dogs, and even worse, turn into capricious couch potatoes. English Cocker Spaniel Breed Standard:

Head

Medium-sized skull (not narrow and not wide), square muzzle, fairly pronounced stop;
low-set, long ears with soft fur;
large, expressive eyes, brown or dark brown (hazel in chocolate color);
large nose, strong jaws, scissor bite.

Body

Strong, not short neck without dewlap;
straight back with a slight rounding towards the base of the tail, height equal to length (excluding tail);
wide croup, deep chest;
tail root slightly below the level of the back, tail of medium length (not lower than the hocks), slightly curved, thinner towards the tip (usually docked).
Limbs

Legs of medium length, strong bones;
developed shoulders, muscular thighs, well-defined knees;
"cat" paws, hard pads, toes gathered.
Coat

Soft, smooth coat (without curls and waves), guard hair of medium length;
solid color (red, gold, chocolate, black and liver with tan), spots (black, liver, fawn and red) on a white background (speckles are allowed), tricolor (black or liver spots on a white background, with tan) and speckled roan (fawn, red, blue, liver, tan is allowed in the last two).