Скачать или смотреть How is Food Digested? - English | Class 10 | Science | Biology | Chapter 1 | Life Processes |

Physiology of Digestion of Food | X | Biology | Life Processes | Digestion & Absorption | BurnYourBooksOpenYourMind | BYBOYM | Foundation4Neet | NCERT | NEET | Biology | BOTANY | Zoology | - NCERT CLASS10 CHAPTER 1 BIOLOGY SCIENCE ENGLISH NOTES CBSE ICSE ISC

This is the Nineteenth topic in the first chapter of Biology for NEET FOUNDATION X. The First chapter is Life Processes. #F4NXC01T19

What You'll Learn?

 What is Digestion?
 Macromolecules
 Digestion in the oral cavity
 Digestion in Stomach
 Digestion in the Small Intestine
 Digestion in the Large Intestine
 Importance of Dietary Fiber
 Digestion of Carbohydrates
 Digestion of Proteins
 Digestion of Lipids
 Digestion of Nucleic Acids

What is digestion?
In layman terms, Digestions means ‘breaking down’.
In relation to life processes, The process of digestion is the breaking down of food composed of macromolecules into micromolecules. This is achieved through both mechanical as well as chemical processes.
The mechanical aid is provided by the churning of food with the teeth and the peristaltic movement of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract to churn the food and push it forward.
The chemical aid involves a number of mechanisms such as the use of enzymes, the use of low pH of the stomach to digest food particles, etc.
Question 2. Where is food digested?
And how is food digested?
Let's find out.
Digestion of macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids occurs as the food moves along the digestive tract.
The four main region in digestive tract of importance are:
Oral cavity
Stomach
Small Intestine
DIGESTION IN ORAL CAVITY
In the oral cavity, the chemical process of digestion is initiated due to the hydrolytic action of the carbohydrate-digesting enzyme, salivary amylase(ptyalin).
Salivary amylase(optimum pH 6.8) hydrolyses about 30% of starch into a disaccharide - maltose.
The Optimum pH or optimum temperature is a range(set of values) at which the enzyme activity is maximum.
DIGESTION IN STOMACH
The stomach receives bolus from the oesophagus and mixes it thoroughly with gastric juice containing mucus, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, rennin and a weak lipase enzyme.

HCL present in the food apart from inactivating saliva and serving as an antibacterial agent, also serves to activate the proenzyme pepsinogen into pepsin. Pepsin hydrolyses proteins into peptides and peptones.

A lipase enzyme hydrolyses small amounts of fats into fatty acids and glycerol. The activity of gastric lipase is quite limited.


DIGESTION IN SMALL INTESTINE

The small intestine is the site of the complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.The secretions poured into the small intestine are the bile juice, the pancreatic juice, and the intestinal juice.
The bile juice provides an alkaline medium and emulsifies large fat globules into smaller fat droplets. It is a non-enzymatic digestive juice and performs no enzymatic action. This breakdown of fats into smaller globules increases the surface area for enzymatic action. The bile salts emulsify fats by decreasing the surface tension of fat molecules
Pancreatic juice contains nucleases, proteolytic enzymes(trypsin, chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase), pancreatic amylase and pancreatic lipase enzymes which digest nucleic acids, peptones, starch and fat into peptides, maltose, isomaltose and fatty acids respectively.
Intestinal juice contains amino peptidase, intestinal amylase, maltase, isomaltase, and lipase enzymes which hydrolyses the following reactions:

DIGESTION IN LARGE INTESTINE

No significant digestive activity occurs in the large intestine.
Apart from nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, etc.
The diet must contain fiber-rich food that aids in easier bowel movement.
Dietary fiber softens the stool and bulks it up.
Dietary fibers also affects the gut-bacteria.


Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:15 What is Digestion?
2:28 Digestion in the Oral Cavity
3:14 Digestion in the Stomach
4:08 Digestion in the Small & Large Intestine
7:35 Do You Know?

Check the following links:
Liver, Gallbladder & Pancreas

Histology of Alimentary Canal
   • What is Liver Pancreas & Gallbladder? - En...  

Small Intestine & Large Intestine
   • Histology of Alimentary Canal - English | ...  

   • What is Stomach? - English | Class 10 | Sc...  


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