PESTICIDE COMPATIBILITY & IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS| Entomology class| English

PESTICIDE COMPATIBILITY, SAFETY, AND HAZARDS – ANTIDOTES – SAFE HANDLING – IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON AGROECOSYSTEMS
IN COMPATABILITY OF PESTICIDES

1. Chemical incompatibility
Chemical compounds in the two pesticides react with the another producing a different compound, reducing the pesticidal activity of the pesticides (Degradation of active ingredient).
2. Biological incompatibility (Phytotoxic incompatibility)
The mixed product exhibit phytotoxic action, which independently is not phytotoxic.
3. Physical incompatibility
The physical form of the pesticides change, and one of them become unstable or hazardous for application (agglomeration, phase separation, explosive reaction, etc.).
HAZARDS CAUSED BY PESTICIDES
The adverse effect caused by pesticides to human beings during manufacture, formulation, application and also consumption of treated products is termed as the hazard
1. In Kerala, in 1953, 108 people died due to parathion poisoning
2. ‘Bhopal Gas Tradedy’ in 1984 at Bhopal where the gas called Methyl isocyanate (MIC) (an intermediate involved in manufacture of carbaryl) leaked killing 5000 people and disabling 50,000 people. Totally 2,00,000 persons were affected. Long term effects like mutagenic and carcinogenic effects are felt by survivors.
3. Cases of Blindness, Cancer, Liver and Nervous system diseases in cotton growing areas of Maharashtra where pesticides are used in high quantity.
4. Psychological symptoms like anxiety, sleep disturbance, depression, severe and head ache in workers involved in spraying DDT, malathion regularly.
5. Endosulfan - causing problem due to aerial spraying in cashew in Kerala - recent controversy - yet to be studied in detail.
Antidotes:
Organophosphate Compounds:
Atropine sulphate (2-4 mg intramuscular / intravenous
administration) or PAM (Pyridine aldoxime-N-methliodide)
Carbamates- Atropine sulphate
Synthetic pyrethroid- Phenobarbital
Nicotine, Zinc phosphide-Potassium permanganate
Warfarin, Zinc phosphide- Vitamin K1 and K2
Methyl bromide- Epinephrine
IMPACT OF PESTICIDES IN AGRO-ECOSYSTEM
1. Pesticide residues
2. Insecticide resistance
3. Insect resurgence and secondary pest outbreak
4. Toxicity to non-target organism
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