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CHAMUNDA DEVI TEMPLE OF MEHRANGARH FORT (15 STILL PHOTOS), JODHPUR, RAJASTHAN AS ON (06-02-2017),PHOTOGRAPHY AND EDITING BY Mr. JAYANTA KUMAR MANDAL(জয়ন্ত কুমার মন্ডল)
MEHRANGARH FORT
JODHPUR, RAJASTHAN, INDIA
COORDINATES- 26.29784°N 73.01842°E MEHRANGARH FORT (HINDI: मेहरानगढ़ का दुर्ग) (SINDHI: مهراڻ ڳڙهه‎), LOCATED IN JODHPUR, RAJASTHAN, IS ONE OF THE LARGEST FORTS IN INDIA. BUILT AROUND 1460 BY RAO JODHA, THE FORT IS SITUATED 410 FEET (125 M) ABOVE THE CITY AND IS ENCLOSED BY IMPOSING THICK WALLS. THE FORT IS LOCATED AT THE CENTRE OF THE CITY SPREADING OVER 5 KILOMETRES (3.1 MI) ON TOP OF A HIGH HILL. ITS WALLS, WHICH ARE UP TO 36 METRES (118 FT) HIGH AND 21 METRES (69 FT) WIDE.
HISTORY
RAO JODHA, THE CHIEF OF THE RATHORE CLAN, IS CREDITED WITH THE ORIGIN OF JODHPUR IN INDIA. HE FOUNDED JODHPUR IN 1459 (JODHPUR WAS PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AS MARWAR). HE WAS ONE OF RANMAL'S 24 SONS AND BECAME THE FIFTEENTH RATHORE RULER. ONE YEAR AFTER HIS ACCESSION TO THE THRONE, JODHA DECIDED TO MOVE HIS CAPITAL TO THE SAFER LOCATION OF JODHPUR ENTRY TO THE FORT IS GAINED THOUGH A SERIES OF SEVEN GATES. THE MOST FAMOUS OF THE GATES ARE:
• JAI POL ("GATE OF VICTORY"), BUILT BY MAHARAJA MAN SINGH IN 1806 TO CELEBRATE HIS VICTORY IN A WAR WITH JAIPUR AND BIKANER.
• FATEH POL, BUILT TO CELEBRATE A VICTORY OVER THE MUGHALS IN 1707;
• DEDH KAMGRA POL, WHICH STILL BEARS THE SCARS OF BOMBARDMENT BY CANNONBALLS;
• LOHA POL, WHICH IS THE FINAL GATE INTO THE MAIN PART OF THE FORT COMPLEX. IMMEDIATELY TO THE LEFT ARE THE HANDPRINTS (SATI MARKS) OF THE RANIS WHO IN 1843 IMMOLATED THEMSELVES ON THE FUNERAL PYRE OF THEIR HUSBAND, MAHARAJA MAN SINGH.
WITHIN THE FORT ARE SEVERAL BRILLIANTLY CRAFTED AND DECORATED PALACES. THESE INCLUDE, MOTI MAHAL (PEARL PALACE), PHOOL MAHAL (FLOWER PALACE), SHEESHA MAHAL (MIRROR PALACE), SILEH KHANA AND DAULAT KHANA. THE MUSEUM HOUSES A COLLECTION OF PALANQUINS, HOWDAHS, ROYAL CRADLES, MINIATURES, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, COSTUMES AND FURNITURE. THE RAMPARTS OF THE FORT HOUSE PRESERVED OLD CANNON (INCLUDING THE FAMOUS KILKILA)
GALLERIES IN MEHRANGARH MUSEUM
ELEPHANT'S HOWDAHS
THE HOWDAHS WERE A KIND OF TWO-COMPARTMENT WOODEN SEAT (MOSTLY COVERED WITH GOLD AND SILVER EMBOSSED SHEETS), WHICH WERE FASTENED ONTO THE ELEPHANT'S BACK. THE FRONT COMPARTMENT, WITH MORE LEG SPACE AND A RAISED PROTECTIVE METAL SHEET, WAS MEANT FOR KINGS OR ROYALTY, AND THE REAR SMALLER ONE FOR A RELIABLE BODYGUARD DISGUISED AS A FLY-WHISK ATTENDANT.
PALANQUINS
PALANQUINS WERE A POPULAR MEANS OF TRAVEL AND CIRCUMAMBULATION FOR THE LADIES OF THE NOBILITY UP TO THE SECOND QUARTER OF THE 20TH CENTURY. THEY WERE ALSO USED BY MALE NOBILITY AND ROYALS ON SPECIAL OCCASIONS.
DAULAT KHANA - TREASURES OF MEHRANGARH MUSEUM
THIS GALLERY DISPLAYS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT AND BEST PRESERVED COLLECTIONS OF FINE AND APPLIED ARTS OF THE MUGHAL PERIOD OF INDIAN HISTORY, DURING WHICH THE RATHORE RULERS OF JODHPUR MAINTAINED CLOSE LINKS WITH THE MUGHAL EMPERORS. IT ALSO HAS THE REMAINS OF EMPEROR AKBAR.
ARMOURY
THIS GALLERY DISPLAYS A RARE COLLECTION OF ARMOUR FROM EVERY PERIOD IN JODHPUR. ON DISPLAY ARE SWORD HILTS IN JADE, SILVER, RHINO HORN, IVORY, SHIELDS STUDDED WITH RUBIES, EMERALDS AND PEARLS AND GUNS WITH GOLD AND SILVER WORK ON THE BARRELS. THE GALLERY ALSO HAS ON DISPLAY THE PERSONAL SWORDS OF MANY EMPERORS, AMONG THEM OUTSTANDING HISTORICAL PIECE LIKE THE KHAANDA OF RAO JODHA, WEIGHING OVER 3 KG, THE SWORD OF AKBAR THE GREAT AND THE SWORD OF TIMUR.
PAINTINGS
FOLIO FROM THE SHIVA PURANA AT MEHRANGARH MUSEUM, C. 1828.
THIS GALLERY DISPLAYS COLOURS OF MARWAR-JODHPUR, THE FINEST EXAMPLE OF MARWAR PAINTINGS.
THE TURBAN GALLERY
THE TURBAN GALLERY IN THE MEHRANGARH MUSEUM SEEKS TO PRESERVE, DOCUMENT AND DISPLAY THE MANY DIFFERENT TYPES OF TURBANS ONCE PREVALENT IN RAJASTHAN; EVERY COMMUNITY, REGION AND FESTIVAL HAVING HAD ITS OWN HEAD-GEAR.
THE CHAMUNDA MATAJI TEMPLE
THE CHAMUNDA MATAJI WAS RAO JODHA'S FAVORITE GODDESS, HE BROUGHT HER IDOL FROM THE OLD CAPITAL OF MANDORE IN 1460 AND INSTALLED HER IN MEHRANGARH (MAA CHAMUNDA WAS THE KUL DEVI OF THE PRATIHARA RULERS OF MANDORE. SHE REMAINS THE MAHARAJA'S AND THE ROYAL FAMILY'S ISHT DEVI OR ADOPTED GODDESS AND IS WORSHIPPED BY MOST OF JODHPUR'S CITIZENS AS WELL.