Qazma Qurğusu Avadanlıqları 2 Elevators,Slips,Dog collar, Tongs

An elevator is used to raise and lower the drilling pipe in and out of the drilling hole by latching around the top of the drill string pipe joints. Most elevators are hinged and the drilling rig team can open and close them by using the latch with handles on either side of the elevator.

Slips are wedge-shaped gripping devices which are used to suspend the drill string in the hole. They fit around the body of drill pipe and wedge in the taper of the rotary table’s opening. Slips have serrated inserts or dies that will grip the outside diameter of the tubular when it is set on the rotary table. To set the slips, rig crews place them around the pipe and the driller then slowly lowers the pipe until the slips can take up the load. The dies in the slips will firmly hold the pipe. In order to remove the slips, rig crew grasp the slip handles and as the driller picks up the pipe, they lift them out of the rotary table opening and set them aside.

When using drill collars and other tubulars that do not have an elevator shoulder, a safety clamp (dog collar) is installed above the slips. If the gripping elements on the slips fail, the drill collar would slide down. Before the collars can slide all of the way out of the slips into a well, the safety clamp would hold the collars against the top of the slips.

Rig tongs breakout or makeup casing, tubing, and drill pipes Tongs used during breakout—or loosening operations—are logically called breakout tongs, while those used during makeup—or tightening operations—are called makeup tongs. Rig tongs are always used in pairs. The first set of tongs is tied off to the derrick with a cable or chain, while the other is pulled with mechanical catheads. How much force should be applied to the rig tong to get the right connection torque? One of the most important applications of the rig tong is to make up the connection. When strategizing on how to do this effectively, you need to consider how to get the right torque value to the connection with the rig tong. The formula to determine torque value is this:

Torque=Force x Length of the tong
Where:
Torque is measured in feet-pounds
Force is measured in pounds
Length of the tong is measured in feet
Force is perpendicular to the length of the tong