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*Ramadan* is one of the most important and sacred months in Islam, observed by millions of Muslims around the world. It's a month of fasting, reflection, prayer, and community. Here's a more detailed breakdown of your questions:

*What is Ramadan?*
Ramadan is the **ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar**, and it's significant because it’s believed to be the month in which the Quran, the holy book of Islam, was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. Fasting during this month is one of the **Five Pillars of Islam**, which are the core principles every Muslim is expected to follow.

The core practice of Ramadan is fasting from dawn to sunset, which is meant to cultivate self-discipline, increase empathy for those less fortunate, and deepen one’s connection to God (Allah). It’s also a time for **prayer**, **reflection**, and **community**, as well as reading the Quran more frequently.

*Who celebrates Ramadan?*
Muslims—those who follow the religion of Islam—celebrate Ramadan. This includes people from all over the world and across various cultures, but the way Ramadan is celebrated can vary based on local customs and traditions. However, fasting is a universal practice for all Muslims, regardless of where they live.

*How do Muslims celebrate Ramadan?*

1. *Fasting (Sawm):*
The most well-known practice during Ramadan is **fasting**. Muslims fast from dawn (Fajr prayer) until sunset (Maghrib prayer). The fast includes abstaining from food, drink (including water), smoking, and other physical needs.
The fast helps Muslims focus on spiritual growth and self-control, and it's a way to empathize with those who don’t have enough to eat.

2. *Pre-dawn meal (Suhoor) and Iftar:*
**Suhoor**: Before the dawn, Muslims eat a pre-fast meal called **suhoor**. This meal is important for providing the necessary energy and hydration for the day.
**Iftar**: After sunset, Muslims break their fast with a meal known as **iftar**. Traditionally, Muslims break their fast with dates and water, following the practice of the Prophet Muhammad. Afterward, they usually have a larger meal, which can include fruits, soup, bread, meat, and more.

3. *Increased Prayer:*
Muslims engage in *additional prayers* during Ramadan. Besides the five daily prayers, many Muslims perform *Taraweeh* prayers, which are special nightly prayers held at mosques. Taraweeh prayers are longer than the usual prayers and often involve reading through the entire Quran over the course of the month.

4. *Reading the Quran:*
During Ramadan, Muslims aim to read or listen to the **entire Quran**. Many mosques will hold special readings, and it’s common for people to engage in more spiritual reflection through the Quran during this time.

5. *Charity (Zakat and Sadaqah):*
One of the core teachings during Ramadan is giving to those in need. Muslims are encouraged to *donate* to charity, practice *Zakat* (obligatory almsgiving), and offer *Sadaqah* (voluntary charity). Ramadan is a time when many Muslims feel especially compelled to help others, whether it’s through financial donations or providing food for those who are fasting.

6. *Community and Family:*
Ramadan is also about *community* and **family bonding**. Muslims gather for meals to break their fast (iftar) with family and friends. Many mosques and community centers host large iftar events where people can come together to share a meal.

7. *Eid al-Fitr:*
At the end of Ramadan, Muslims celebrate *Eid al-Fitr**, a joyous holiday that marks the end of fasting. It’s a time for families to come together, give thanks, exchange gifts, and share meals. Before the Eid prayer, Muslims also pay a special **charitable donation* known as **Zakat al-Fitr**, which ensures that even the poor can join in the celebrations.

8. *Spiritual Focus:*
Beyond the physical practices, Ramadan is about **spiritual purification**. Muslims are encouraged to avoid sinful behavior, engage in extra prayers, and seek forgiveness and guidance from God. It's a time of **personal reflection**, **repentance**, and an opportunity to develop a closer relationship with God.

Summary of How Ramadan is Observed:
*Fasting* from dawn until sunset.
*Suhoor* (pre-dawn meal) and *Iftar* (meal to break the fast).
*Increased prayer**, especially **Taraweeh* prayers.
*Reading the Quran* and reflecting on its message.
Giving to *charity* through *Zakat* and **Sadaqah**.
Celebrating the end of Ramadan with **Eid al-Fitr**.

In short, Ramadan is a time for **spiritual renewal**, deepening one's faith, and showing compassion to others. It's a deeply meaningful and spiritual month for Muslims, observed with devotion and a sense of community.