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"𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗺 𝗼𝗳 𝗳𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗶𝗿𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗽𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘀."

𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 (𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐬)💡الفصول (الطوابع الزمنية)
00:00 - Intro (مقدمة)
00:19 - Content (المحتوى)
00:34 - Fetal circulation
00:42 - Difference between adult circulation and fetal circulation
01:30 - Mechanism of fetal circulation
11:49 - Postnatal changes in fetal circulation
14:53 - MCQ

𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: 👌
-- Try to draw the full diagram of fetal circulation and explain it by yourself.

𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 3️⃣
1. Ductus arteriosus
Protects the lungs against circulatory overload.
Allows the right ventricle to strengthen.
2. Ductus venosus.
Fetal blood vessel connecting the umbilical vein to the IVC.
3. Foramen ovale.
Shunts highly oxygenated blood from the right atrium to the left atrium.

𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡: 👇
1. Foramen ovale
Fate: Closure (due to adhesion between septum primum and septum secundum).
Cases of closure: Increase in the pressure of blood in the left atrium due to the blood
coming from the functioning lung (after the first baby breath after birth).
If not closed, it leads to a patent foramen ovale with different degrees.

2. Umbilical arteries
Proximal part ----------------------- Superior vesical artery
Distal part --------------------------- ‘Medial umbilical ligament’.

3. Umbilical veins
Right umbilical vein -------------- Degenerates.
Left umbilical vein ---------------- ‘Ligamentum teres’ (fibrosed) (in the liver)

4. Ductus venosus
Fate: It obliterates, forming the ‘ligamentum venosum’.

5. Ductus arteriosus
Fate: It is transformed into ligamentum arteriosum.
Cause of closure: Contraction of the muscles in the wall of the ductus (due to release of
the bradykinin from the lung tissues as a result of the low oxygen tension.
If not closed: Patent ductus arteriosus.

𝐌𝐂𝐐: 💪🦾
1. The foramen ovale is an opening allowing fetal blood to pass from which of the following?
A. Left atrium to the right atrium
B. Right ventricle to the left ventricle
C. Right atrium to the left atrium
D. Left ventricle to the right ventricle

2. The ductus venosus carries blood from which of the following structures?
A. Pulmonary artery to the pulmonary vein
B. Left branch of the portal vein to the inferior vena cava
C. Right ventricle to the left ventricle
D. Pulmonary artery to the aorta

3. In the fetus, blood bypasses the liver by traveling through which of the following structures?
A. Hepatic portal vein
B. Ductus arteriosus
C. Ductus venosus
D. Umbilical artery

4. Which of the following gives rise to the round ligament of the liver?
A. Umbilical artery
B. Umbilical vein
C. Ductus venosus
D. Ductus arteriosus

5. The obliterated umbilical arteries give rise to which of the following structures?
A. Medial umbilical ligament
B. Median umbilical ligament
C. Lateral umbilical ligament
D. Ligamentum arteriosum

𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: ❓❓❓
1. What is the earliest manifestation (clinical picture) of the left-to-right shunt in the baby after birth?
2. What is the most common congenital heart disease anomaly?
For answers, see below at the end of the description.

😂💞 🤣 𝓦𝓪𝓲𝓽𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓕𝓸𝓻 𝓨𝓸𝓾𝓻 𝓐𝓷𝓼𝔀𝓮𝓻 😂💞 🤣

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐂𝐐𝐬: 👇😀
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. A

𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭: 📢
📌𝐄𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐥: aymn222@hotmail.com
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📞𝐌𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐞 (𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭𝐬𝐀𝐩𝐩): +20 1223815866

𝐇𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐭𝐚𝐠: 🔍
#fetal_circulation
#postnatal_changes
#umbilical_artery

Answers to the short questions:
1. What is the earliest manifestation (clinical picture) of the left-to-right shunt of the baby after birth?
Answer: Cyanosis with sucking.
2. What is the most common congenital heart disease anomaly?
Answer: The most common type of heart defect is a ventricular septal defect (VSD).