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EGYPT

Early Dynastic Period and Early Pharaohs
The Early Dynastic Period covers the period when Egypt emerged on the stage of history. During this period, local rulers from different units united to form the first pharaohs. Narmer, one of the first pharaohs, united Upper and Lower Egypt, making Egypt a single state. Pharaohs were considered god-kings and ruled as the religious and political structures of society.



Middle Kingdom Period and Internal Stability
The Middle Kingdom Period represents a period of internal stability and power in Egypt. The pharaohs of the kingdom Minik are known for their efforts to reduce social inequalities. During this period, there was a great development in art and literature and the quality of life of the people increased.



New Kingdom Period: Peak of the Pharaohs
The New Kingdom Period is one of the most brilliant continuations of Ancient Egypt. Pharaohs expanded their lands and spheres of influence by pursuing expansionist policies. Famous pharaohs such as Amenhotep III and Ramses II ruled during this period. New kingdoms enriched Egypt by building great temples, statues, and other grand structures.



Encountering the Assyrians and Persians
Ancient Egypt was transformed by encounters with powerful confederates such as the Assyrians and Persians. The rise of the Assyrian Empire threatened Egypt, and for some periods the Assyrians occupied Egypt. However, Egypt was more subject to the rule of the Persian Empire. The Persians dominated Egypt and local governments were maintained, but Egypt's autonomy diminished during this period.



The period of Pharaohs and Empires reflects the peak periods, forms of government and external emissions of Ancient Egypt. As Egypt's god-king figures, pharaohs were both political and religious leaders. Encountering the temperatures, experiencing the life and cultural evolution of Egypt. These periods form important parts of the fascinating and complex story of Ancient Egypt.


Social Classes and Professions in Ancient Egpyt

In ancient Egypt, society was divided into different social classes. At the top were the pharaoh and the royal family. The pharaoh was considered the god-king and represented the highest authority of society. Priests and nobles also had high social status. The middle class consisted of people working in a variety of occupations; this covered a wide range of people, from farmers to traders. The lower class consisted of artisans, workers and slaves.


Egyptian Mythology and Gods in Ancient Egypt

Egyptian mythology formed the basis of the religious and cultural beliefs of Ancient Egyptian society. Egyptian mythology was filled with many gods and goddesses, each representing a different characteristic or concept. For example, Ra represented the sun, while Isis was associated with fertility and motherhood.
Gods and goddesses reflected different aspects of both the natural world and human life. These mythological figures made their presence felt in every aspect of daily life. Worships performed in temples and private homes were offered to these gods and goddesses.



Belief in Death and Beyond: Mummification and Pyramids
In ancient Egyptian culture, death and life beyond were of great importance. According to Egyptian belief, life after death continued after the death of a person's body. For this reason, the bodies of the dead were mummified and preserved with various ceremonies.


The pyramids were the most magnificent expression of Ancient Egypt's belief in death and the beyond. Pyramids, used as tombs of the pharaohs, symbolized the immortality and ascension of the pharaohs' souls. Additionally, wall reliefs and texts in the pyramids provided guidance on the pharaoh's afterlife and described rituals.



Social Structure and Cultural Beliefs constituted one of the cornerstones of the Ancient Egyptian Civilization. Social classes, professions, mythology, and afterlife beliefs influenced Egypt's lifestyle, art, worship, and architecture. This period reflected people's search for the meaning of life, the mystery of nature and their desire to go beyond, and was an important part of Ancient Egypt's rich cultural heritage.

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