Скачать или смотреть 10. Plasma Proteins | Globulins Chemistry & Functions | MBBS Biochemistry 1st year | USMLE Step 1

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Plasma Proteins | Globulins Chemistry, Functions & Clinical Applications | MBBS Biochemistry | USMLE Step 1

👋 Hey future doctors and biochem learners! While albumin maintains osmotic pressure, the globulins are a diverse group of plasma proteins with critical roles in transport, immunity, enzyme activity, and clotting.

In this lecture, we’ll explore the chemistry, functions, and clinical applications of plasma globulins, making this a must-know topic for MBBS, NEET PG, FMGE, and USMLE Step 1. 🧬📚

🌟 Chemistry of Globulins

Definition: Plasma proteins that are insoluble in pure water but soluble in dilute salt solutions.

Concentration: ~2.5–3.5 g/dL of plasma proteins.

Types (based on electrophoretic mobility):
• α1-globulins
• α2-globulins
• β-globulins
• γ-globulins (immunoglobulins)

🌟 Functions of Globulins

1️⃣ α1-Globulins

α1-antitrypsin: inhibits proteases; deficiency → emphysema, cirrhosis.

α1-acid glycoprotein: drug binding.

2️⃣ α2-Globulins

Haptoglobin: binds free hemoglobin.

Ceruloplasmin: copper transport; low in Wilson’s disease.

α2-macroglobulin: protease inhibitor.

3️⃣ β-Globulins

Transferrin: iron transport.

β-lipoproteins: lipid transport.

Complement proteins (C3, C4): immune defense.

4️⃣ γ-Globulins (Immunoglobulins)

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD.

Major role in humoral immunity.

🌟 Clinical Applications

Electrophoresis patterns:
• ↑ γ-globulins → chronic infections, multiple myeloma.
• ↓ γ-globulins → immunodeficiency states.

α1-antitrypsin deficiency → neonatal hepatitis, adult emphysema.

Ceruloplasmin deficiency → Wilson’s disease (copper accumulation).

Haptoglobin ↓ → intravascular hemolysis.

Transferrin saturation → diagnostic marker in iron-deficiency anemia vs. hemochromatosis.

Multiple myeloma → monoclonal spike (M-protein) in γ-region.

🎯 Exam Integration

α1-antitrypsin = protease inhibitor defect → emphysema.

Ceruloplasmin = copper transporter defect → Wilson’s disease.

Haptoglobin ↓ = hemolysis marker.

γ-globulins = antibodies → immunity & immunodeficiency.
👉 High-yield both in direct recall and case-based clinical vignettes.

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❓Want us to create a separate lecture on Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD) – structure, classes, and functions as part of the Plasma Protein series? Drop your request in the comments below! 😊

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