Скачать или смотреть Have The New Bivalent Covid 19 Vaccine Boosters Been Tested On Humans

Were the original Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 mRNA vaccines tested on humans before receiving emergency use authorization (EUA) in late 2020 from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)? Absolutely. Thousands of them. How about the monovalent booster versions of these vaccines designed to protect against the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)? Yes, indeedy. Lots. OK, so what about the new bivalent booster vaccines designed to protect against both the original SARS-CoV-2 and the BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron subvariants? Well, to borrow the title from a 2009 rom-com, it’s complicated. If you recall, on August 31, the FDA announced that they had amended the original Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 mRNA vaccine EUA’s to include their new bivalent boosters. As I covered for Forbes on September 5, these bivalent boosters include two types of mRNA as opposed to the monovalent versions that consisted of just a single type. The type of mRNA in both the monovalent and bivalent boosters serves as blueprints for your cells code to code for the spike proteins that studded the surface of the original version of the SARs-CoV-2. The second type of mRNA, which only the new bivalent booster has, can act as blueprints for your cells to produce the spike proteins that cover the surfaces of the BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron subvariants that are more dominant right now. The BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron subvariants are quite different from the original version of the SARS-Cov-2. Thus, in theory, the bivalent boosters should provide significantly better protection against the currently circulating variants and subvariants and sub-subvariants and, well you get the picture. Well, theory is one thing. Concrete scientific evidence is another. The FDA announcement did mention studies that compared the use of bivalent boosters and monovalent boosters that included approximately 600 and 800 individuals 18 years of age and older for the Moderna ones and 600 participants greater than 55 years of age for the Pfizer-BioNTech ones. These studies reportedly found those who gotten the bivalent boosters had “better” immune response than those who had received the monovalent boosters. The studies also didn’t show any significant safety concerns with the bivalent boosters, mentioning the usual side effect stuff like pain, redness and swelling at the injection site, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, chills, swelling of the lymph nodes in the same arm of the injection, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Ah, but a closer look reveals that the FDA announcement was referring to the bivalent booster with mRNA for the original and for Omicron BA.1 spikes proteins, not the BA.4 and BA.5 spike proteins. So the bivalent boosters tested in these human studies were not exactly the same as the bivalent ones being administered now in clinics, pharmacies, and other vaccination sites throughout the country.


All data is taken from the source: http://forbes.com
Article Link: https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee...


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