How to Make Soil Profile Model with Thermocol/soil layers

Hello friends, here I show you How to Make Soil Profile model with Thermocol and other basic objects. Please see carefully and make it easily. It will help the students of the school/college to create their project. Thank you.

Materials Required: Thermocol, Tissue Paper, Acrylic Color, Plastic leaf, Glue, Knife, Sand paper etc.

Soil Profile
The soil profile is an important tool in nutrient management. By examining a soil profile, we can gain valuable insight into soil fertility. As the soil weathers and/or organic matter decomposes, the profile of the soil changes. For instance, a highly weathered, infertile soil usually contains a light-colored layer in the subsurface soil from which nutrients have leached away. On the other hand, a highly fertile soil often has a deep surface layer that contains high amounts of organic matter. With clues provided by soil profile, we can begin to predict how a soil will perform under certain nutrient management conditions.
The world’s soils are like blankets that cover most of the earth’s land surfaces. We could not survive without it since most crops would not be able to grow in the dense rock that lies underneath. There is no uniform depth to our earth’s soils. While it can be absent in places of exposed bedrock, soil may extend up to tens of meters into the earth’s surface. Although this may not seem insignificant when compared to the depth to the core of the earth, the soil profile can be very intricate and diverse. In fact, the soil profile is made up of distinct layers, known as horizons. The five most common horizons are collectively known as the master horizons.
Master Horizons
There are 5 master horizons in the soil profile. Not all soil profiles contain all 5 horizons; and so, soil profiles differ from one location to another. The 5 master horizons are represented by the letters: O, A, E, B, and C.
O: The O horizon is a surface horizon that is comprised of organic material at various stages of decomposition. It is most prominent in forested areas where there is the accumulation of debris fallen from trees.
A: The A horizon is a surface horizon that largely consists of minerals (sand, silt, and clay) and with appreciable amounts of organic matter. This horizon is predominantly the surface layer of many soils in grasslands and agricultural lands.
E: The E horizon is a subsurface horizon that has been heavily leached. Leaching is the process in which soluble nutrients are lost from the soil due to precipitation or irrigation. The horizon is typically light in color. It is generally found beneath the O horizon.
B: The B horizon is a subsurface horizon that has accumulated from the layer(s) above. It is a site of deposition of certain minerals that have leached from the layer(s) above.
C: The C horizon is a subsurface horizon. It is the least weathered horizon. Also known as the saprolite, it is unconsolidated, loose parent material.

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