Скачать или смотреть Chapter 5 - Hinduism - Path to Enlightenment

This chapter on Hinduism explains the various paths to enlightenment (mukti)

Bhakti Maarga – Enlightenment through Devotion
Karma Maarga – Enlightenment through Work
Gnana Maarga – Enlightenment through Pursuit of Knowledge
Rajayoga – Enlightenment through Absolute focus

The chapter also touches upon enlightenment while in family life and while leaving family life.

Earlier we saw that the mind is the root cause of all the problems and the goal of the religion is to gradually attain more and more peace of mind leading to eternal peace called Mukthi.
•There are different schools of thought called ‘Shad dharshana’ (Six Ways) on how to reach Mukthi. These are Purvamimamsa (written by Jaimini), Uttaramimamsa (written by Vyasa), Saankya ( written by Kapila), Yoga (written by Patanjali), Nyaya (written by Gothama), Vysheshika (written by Kaanada).

•These lead to the following major routes (maargas) to reach the goal, Mukthi:
Bhakthi Maarga – prayers to gods increasing over time to only think of the god and forget about miseries of the world.
Karma Maarga – performing various ritualistic prayers prescribed by the religion in increasing proportions over time so that the mind is fully occupied in that and forget about miseries of the world.
Gnana Maarga – logical thinking and enlightenment on aspects such as who am I?, Who is god?, who are others?, when I say “I” is it my body or my mind or my soul etc to understand that everything is god and remove greed, fear, anger, miserliness etc. from the mind so that mind attains peace.
Rajayoga – the Raja Yoga is intended towards controlling of one’s mind in such a way that it becomes dispassionate and peaceful under any kind of adverse circumstances and finally mingles with Brahman ( God)
•It is not necessary that the person following the above paths should leave his family life.

•For attaining the goal through the above said maargas the religion prescribes two ways:
Pravrithi Maarga – Trying to attain more and more peace of mind leading to Mukthi while continuing with ones family life. Bhakthi and Karma Maarga can be largely followed along with family life. But ultimately towards the end one may have to shift to Nivrithi maarga.
Nivrithi Maarga – Leaving family life and taking up Saintly life to attain Mukthi. Gnyana Maarga at a more evolved stage and Rajayoga will invariably lead to Nivrithi Maarga (full detachment).
It is very difficult for anybody to choose Nivrithi Maarga directly. Unless and until somebody goes through pleasures and pains of family life it is very difficult to reach detachment and hence Mukthi.
In view of this the religion has identified four stages of life (Ashramas):
1. Kuamara or Brahmacharya (youngster)
2. Grahastha (Family man)
3. Vanaprastha ( half way into detachment)
4. Sanyasa (full detachment)

•At each stage, depending on that stage and depending on a persons Varna (Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya & Shudra) person can follow the relevant maarga to attain Mukthi over time.
•Under the religion, the varna is based on a persons guna and occupation (karma) chosen by him.
Brahmana – Person who undertakes activities exclusively aimed at pursuit of understanding the concept of ‘God’ & ‘Self’
Kshatriya – Person who undertakes activities aimed at commanding and protecting territories and people
Vaishya – Person who is engaged in business activities with the aim of being remunerated for such activities
Shudra – Person who is in the process of assisting any of the above except Brahmanas.

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