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Cytoplasmic Inheritance


Cytoplasmic inheritance also termed as maternal inheritance or maternal effect. A cytoplasm comprises some autonomous organelles like mitochondria and plastids that possess their own genetic material. Mitochondria is present in both animal and plant cell, whereas plastids are only found in the plant cell. As we know, nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are responsible for the inheritance of the genes.

DNA inherits genes from one generation to the next generation among different individuals. Therefore, the genes play an important role in forwarding the parents’ genetic features to the offsprings. On further study of inheritance, the idea of cytoplasmic inheritance has been originated.
In cytoplasmic inheritance, the cytoplasmic genes and the cytoplasmic particles participate in the process of inheritance. The study of cytoplasmic inheritance has been studied in many plants and animals. Several studies have revealed that the extranuclear material, i.e. cytoplasmic elements, can carry out the biological process called inheritance.

The gamete which contributes the cytoplasm is the female gamete that carries both nuclear and cytoplasmic material, whereas male gametes do not carry cytoplasmic material. This is why cytoplasmic inheritance also called maternal effect, as the phenotype of the offspring, is decided only by the mother or a female (holds the cytoplasmic material).
After the cross-fertilization, a zygote forms and whatever cytoplasm is coming to the zygote is only due to the female gamete. You will get to know the definition, characteristics and a few examples of the cytoplasmic inheritance In this context.
Salient Features of Cytoplasmic Inheritance

The cytoplasmic inheritance includes the following features:

The cytoplasm inherits information among different organisms through Plasmagenes.

The plasmagenes resides within the cytoplasm or remains outside the nucleus.

Plasmagenes also have the capability of self-replicating, like the chromosomal genes (DNA or RNA).

The offspring receive the cytoplasm only from the female gamete, not from the male. Therefore, only the female gamete is responsible for transferring plasmagenes to the offspring. Hence, cytoplasmic inheritance is known as maternal inheritance.

Plasmagenes are also capable of mutation.

Cytoplasmic inheritance can be studied by reciprocal crossing over.

The results of the reciprocal crossing are not the same.