Скачать или смотреть Country Names Explained #9

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1. Estonia - "Land of the Aesti", a correction of earlier Esthonia, a re-Latinization of the Old English Estland, a development of the Old High German Aestland, a combination of the Latin Aestia and the German -land ("-land"). The name Aestia was a combination of the Latin Aesti and the locative suffix -ia, meaning "Land of the Aesti", who were most likely later Old Prussians or other Proto-Baltic people in and east of later Prussia. The name Aesti possibly derives from Proto-Germanic *austrą ("East") as Proto-Balts lived east of Proto-Germanic people.

2. Eswatini - "Land of the Swazi", an ethnic group. The name Swazi itself derives from Mswati II, a former king of Swaziland.

3. Ethiopia - "Land of the Blacks", from Latin Æthiopia, from the Ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία (Aithiopía), "land of the Burnt-Faced" (from Αἰθίοψ, Aithíops), originally in reference to all Sub-Saharan Africa. An Ethiopian folk etymology recorded in the Book of Aksum traces the name to an "'Ityopp'is", supposed to be a son of Cush.

4. Fiji - Possibly "look-out". Adapted from Fisi, the Tongan form of Viti, referring to the island of Viti Levu (Fijian for "Great Viti"). Fiji's main island is known as Viti Levu and it is from this that the name "Fiji" is derived, though the common English pronunciation is based on that of their island neighbours in Tonga. "Feejee", the Anglicised spelling of the Tongan pronunciation, was used in accounts and other writings until the late 19th century, by missionaries and other travellers visiting Fiji.

5. Finland - "Land of the Finns", from the Swedish spelling, first attested in runestones in Old Norse in present-day Sweden. The etymology of "Finn" is uncertain: it may derive from Germanic translations of the Finnish suo ("fen") or from the proposed Proto-Germanic *finne "wanderers", "hunting-folk". Suomi, the endonym: Uncertain etymology. Possibly derived from the proposed proto-Balto-Slavic *zeme "land" or from the Finnish suomaa ("fen land").

6. France- "Land of the Franks", Anglicized from Late Latin Francia, from Old Frankish Franko. The name "Frank" itself has been derived from the historic framea ("javelin"), proposed Proto-Germanic *frankon ("spear", "javelin"), – although the characteristic weapons of the Franks were the sword and the Frankish axe – and from the Proto-Germanic *frankisc ("free") from *frank ("free") – although they were not masters until after their conquest of Gaul.

7. Gabon - "Cloak", Anglicized from the Portuguese Gabão, bestowed on the Komo River estuary for its supposed resemblance to a gabão, a kind of pointy-hooded overcoat whose name derives from the Arabic qabā’.

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