Pteridophyta | Diversity In Living Organisms | Biology | Class 9

When you think of forests and woods, you can picture trees, abundant lush green ferns, and other plants. But trust me the first thing that you will notice is the abundant foliage of fern plants. These ferns, in biological terms, are nothing but the pteridophytes, belonging to the division Pteridophyta of the plant kingdom.
What are Pteridophytes?
These plants are the ones that do not have any flowers or seeds. Hence they are also called as Cryptogams. They include ferns and horsetails. In fact, they can be considered as the first terrestrial vascular plants, showing the presence of the vascular tissue, xylem, and phloem. They can be found in mostly in damp and shady places. Most ferns are grown as ornamental plants.
Features of Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes display differentiation. The plant body can be divided into a true root, stem, and leaves. A saprophyte is the main plant body here. Some of the species belonging to this division have small leaves called as the microphylls. For example, Selaginella. Megaphylls are the large leaves that some pteridophytes have. For Example Fern plants. The main plant bears the sporangia. These bear some leaf-like appendages called the sporophylls. In a few species such as Selaginella and Equisetum, the sporophylls form compact structures called cones or strobili.

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