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To undo the changes - press Esc key and then press u or :u or :undo
To redo the changes - press Esc key and the press ctrl+R or :redo
k → Moves the cursor up one line
j → Moves the cursor down one line
h → Moves the cursor to the left one character position
l → Moves the cursor to the right one character position
G → to got the end of the file
:1 → to go the 1st line
0 → to go to the begginning of the line
$ → to go to the end of the line
w → to move word by word

i → Inserts text before the current cursor location
I → Inserts text at the beginning of the current line
a → Inserts text after the current cursor location
A → Inserts text at the end of the current line
o → Creates a new line for text entry below the cursor location
O → Creates a new line for text entry above the cursor location


x → Deletes the character under the cursor location
X → Deletes the character before the cursor location
dw → Deletes from the current cursor location to the next word
d^ → Deletes from the current cursor position to the beginning of the line
d$ → Deletes from the current cursor position to the end of the line
D → Deletes from the cursor position to the end of the current line
dd → Deletes the line the cursor is on


cc → Removes the contents of the line, leaving you in insert mode.
cw → Changes the word the merger is on from the cursor to the lowercase w end of the word.
r → Replaces the character under the cursor. vi returns to the command mode after the replacement is entered.
R → Overwrites multiple characters beginning with the character currently under the cursor. You must use Esc to stop the overwriting.


yy → Copies the current line.
yw → Copies the current word from the character the lowercase w cursor is on, until the end of the word.
p → Puts the copied text after the cursor.
P → Puts the yanked text before the cursor.

^ → Searches at the beginning of the line (Use at the beginning of a search expression).
. → Matches a single character.
→ Matches zero or more of the previous character.
$ → End of the line (Use at the end of the search expression).
[ → Starts a set of matching or non-matching expressions.

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