What is Stage II Melanoma?

Stage II melanoma is characterized by the invasion of cancer cells into the deeper layers of the skin. At this stage, the tumor has grown thicker than 1 millimeter but has not yet spread to nearby lymph nodes or distant organs. The primary symptom is often a changing mole or lesion on the skin that may exhibit irregular borders, color variations, or an increase in size. Early detection and prompt medical intervention are crucial in improving outcomes for patients with Stage II melanoma.

The prognosis for Stage II melanoma varies depending on several factors such as tumor thickness and ulceration. Thicker tumors have a higher risk of spreading to lymph nodes and distant sites. Additionally, ulceration – when there is breakdown or loss of skin overlying the tumor – indicates a more aggressive form of melanoma. These factors contribute to an increased risk of recurrence and decreased overall survival rates.

Treatment options for Stage II melanoma aim to remove all cancer cells while minimizing harm to healthy tissue. Surgical excision remains the gold-standard treatment approach at this stage. The surgeon removes both the primary tumor and surrounding healthy tissue margins to ensure complete removal of cancerous cells. In some cases where lymph node involvement is suspected, sentinel lymph node biopsy may be performed to determine if further treatment such as lymph node dissection is necessary.

Adjuvant therapy may also be recommended after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence. This can include immunotherapy drugs like interferon or targeted therapies like BRAF inhibitors, which specifically target mutations found in melanoma cells. These treatments aim to bolster the body's immune response against cancer cells or inhibit specific pathways that promote tumor growth.

The emotional and psychological toll of Stage II melanoma cannot be underestimated. Patients often face anxiety, fear, and uncertainty about their future. Support from healthcare professionals, family, and friends is crucial in helping patients navigate this difficult journey.

Stage II melanoma represents a critical point in the progression of this aggressive disease. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for improving outcomes. With advancements in surgical techniques and adjuvant therapies, there is hope for those battling Stage II melanoma to overcome this formidable adversary and reclaim their lives.

Just Diagnosed? If you've been recently diagnosed with melanoma, you are not alone. AIM at Melanoma offers resources for anyone with the disease to find support, ask questions, and connect with a community of people who are living with melanoma.

The information in this video is correct as of 15 March 2023.

For more information about melanoma or to ask Melissa a question, visit: https://www.aimatmelanoma.org/

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