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Myopia control refers to various strategies aimed at slowing down the progression of myopia (nearsightedness) in individuals, particularly in children and adolescents. Myopia has become increasingly prevalent globally, and its progression can lead to complications such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and myopic macular degeneration. Therefore, managing and controlling myopia progression is crucial to reduce the risk of these complications and preserve visual health.

Assessment of Myopia Control:

Comprehensive Eye Examination: This includes assessing visual acuity, refractive error measurement (to determine the degree of myopia), and an evaluation of ocular health.

Refraction: Determine the current level of myopia and monitor changes over time.

Axial Length Measurement: Myopia progression is often associated with an increase in axial length of the eye. Axial length measurement provides valuable information about the progression rate.

Binocular Vision Assessment: Evaluate binocular vision function, including accommodation and convergence, as abnormalities in these functions can influence myopia progression.

Environmental and Lifestyle Factors: Assess factors such as near work activities (reading, computer use), outdoor time, and parental myopia, as these can impact myopia progression.

Management Plan for Myopia Control:

Optical Correction:
Prescription Glasses or Contact Lenses: Provide appropriate correction for distance vision. Additionally, consider options such as multifocal or orthokeratology lenses, which have shown efficacy in slowing myopia progression.
Atropine Eye Drops:
Low-dose atropine eye drops have been found to effectively slow down myopia progression in children. The mechanism of action is not entirely understood but is believed to involve the inhibition of eye growth.
Orthokeratology (Ortho-K):
Ortho-K involves wearing specially designed rigid gas-permeable contact lenses overnight to reshape the cornea temporarily. This can provide clear vision during the day without the need for glasses or contact lenses and has been shown to slow myopia progression.
Behavioral Modifications:
Encourage outdoor activities: Spending time outdoors has been associated with a reduced risk of myopia development and progression.
Limit near work activities: Encourage breaks during prolonged near work and maintain proper ergonomics.
Regular Monitoring:
Schedule regular follow-up appointments to monitor myopia progression, evaluate treatment efficacy, and make adjustments to the management plan as needed.
Education and Counseling:
Educate patients and parents about myopia control strategies, the importance of compliance with treatment, and the potential risks of myopia progression.
Collaborative Care:
Coordinate care with other healthcare professionals as needed, such as pediatricians, educators, and behavioral optometrists, to address underlying factors contributing to myopia progression.
Overall, a tailored approach incorporating various treatment modalities and lifestyle modifications is essential for effective myopia control. Regular monitoring and patient education play critical roles in achieving successful outcomes and preserving visual health.