How Gemstones Form From Igneous & Metamorphic Processes (12 Examples!) GEO GIRL

For those of you who've asked for a gemstone video, here it (finally) is! In this video, I go over what gemstones are, the variety of ways in which gemstones can form, and then focus on 12 specific gemstone examples-- diamond, ruby, sapphire, tourmaline, emerald, aquamarine, garnet, peridot, topaz, lapis lazuli, & turquoise-- to discuss how each of these gems form, how they get there beautiful colors and optical properties, & more! I have a follow-up video coming out soon to discuss sedimentary & additional hydrothermal gemstones, including opal, amythst, citrine, pearl, moonstone, onyx, coral, & amber, so check it out here:    • How Gemstones Form From Sedimentary &...   (it is currently posted as a member-only video, but will be available to everyone very soon!)

GEO GIRL Website: https://www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, & donate to support the channel if you'd like!)

References:
Shigley, 2009 (Diamond, Natural)- https://doi.org/10.1002/0471238961.04...
Read & Janse, 2009 (Diamonds: Exploration, mines and marketing)- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009...
Hurlbut & Kammerling, 1991 (Gemology)- https://amzn.to/42cqfpS
van Hinsberg et al., 2011 (Tourmaline: an ideal indicator of its host environment)- https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.49.1.1
Groat, 2008 (Geology of gem deposits)- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-02...
Earth Materials: Introduction to Mineralogy and Petrology textbook: https://amzn.to/3WFVSXK
Spear, 1993 (Metamorphic phase equilibria and pressure-temperature-time paths) https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.0...
Bucher & Grapes, 2011 (Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks)- https://amzn.to/42dvOVl
Schumann, 2017 (Gemstones of the World: Newly Revised & Expanded Fourth Edition)- https://amzn.to/3qh2eRD
Harlow & Sorensen, 2001 (Jade: Occurrence and metasomatic origin)- https://research.amnh.org/users/gharl...
Weigand et al., 1977 (Turquoise sources & source analysis)- https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-227...

0:00 What are Gemstones?
1:36 How do Gemstones Form?
3:19 List of Gemstones
4:08 How Diamonds Form
7:45 Diamond Colors
9:51 How Ruby & Sapphire Form
12:00 How Tourmaline Forms
12:40 Pegmatite Tourmaline
15:14 Tourmaline Colors
15:45 How Emerald & Aquamarine Form
17:43 How Garnet Forms
20:05 Garnet Varieties (Colors)
21:02 How Peridot Forms
23:08 How Jade Forms
25:27 How Topaz Forms
26:03 How Lapis Lazuli Forms
27:38 How Turquoise Forms

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Bamboo toilet paper: https://shrsl.com/3cvku
Bamboo paper towels: https://shrsl.com/3cvkw
Compostable tableware: https://shrsl.com/3cvkz
Compostable trash bags: https://shrsl.com/3cvl0
Bamboo cutlery + straw! : https://shrsl.com/3cwfl
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(Just click link, press get started, take the free C footprint quiz, then choose how much you want to reduce your footprint by donating to the C sequestration projects they're funding!)

Non-textbook books I recommend:
Oxygen by D. Canfield: https://amzn.to/3gffbCL
Brief history of Earth by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/3w3hC1I
Life on young planet by A. Knoll: https://amzn.to/2RBMpny
Some assembly required by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3w1Ezm2
Your inner fish by N. Shubin: https://amzn.to/3cpw3Wb
Oxygen by N. Lane: https://amzn.to/3z4FgwZ
Alien Oceans by K. Hand: https://amzn.to/3clMx1l
Life's Engines: https://amzn.to/3w1Nhke

Tools I use as a geologist/teacher/student:
Geology field notebook: https://amzn.to/3lb6dJf
Geology rock hammer: https://amzn.to/3DZw8MA
Geological compass: https://amzn.to/3hfbdLu
Geological hand lens: https://amzn.to/3jXysM5
Camera: https://amzn.to/3l6fGRT
Carbon-neutral pencil bag: https://shrsl.com/3cvjv
Carbon-neutral backpack: https://shrsl.com/3cvkc

Disclaimer: Links included in this description might be affiliate links. If you purchase a product or service with the links that I provide I may receive a small commission, but there is no additional charge to you! Thank you for supporting my channel so I can continue to provide you with free content each week! And as always, let me know your topic suggestions in the comments down below!