Скачать или смотреть BRICS: What is it, who wants in and why?

Duniya mein superpowers ki baat hoti hai toh sabse pehle naam aata hai – America, NATO, aur Europe ka. Lekin ek dusra bloc bhi hai jo quietly, steadily global power banne ki taraf badh raha hai – aur uska naam hai BRICS.

BRICS ek aisa alliance hai jo duniya ke developing aur emerging economies ko ek platform par laata hai, taaki West ke economic domination ka counter balance banaya ja sake. Lekin sawal ye hai – ye BRICS aakhir hai kya? Ye bana kaise? Iske peeche ka idea kya tha? Aur kya aaj ke time mein ye alliance ek naye superpower bloc ka signal de raha hai?

Chaliye shuru se samajhte hain. BRICS ka full form hai – Brazil, Russia, India, China aur South Africa. Iska concept pehli baar 2001 mein aaya, jab Goldman Sachs ke ek economist Jim O’Neill ne ‘BRIC’ naam diya un emerging economies ko jinka future growth potential sabse zyada tha – Brazil, Russia, India aur China. In chaar deshon ke paas massive population, abundant natural resources, tezi se badhti economy aur global influence tha. South Africa 2010 mein is group ka hissa bana, aur tab se iska naam BRIC se BRICS ho gaya.

Lekin BRICS sirf ek economic idea nahi raha. 2009 mein Russia ke Yekaterinburg mein is group ki pehli formal summit hui. Tab se BRICS ek institutional form le chuka hai – jisme har saal summits hoti hain, joint declarations aate hain, aur alag-alag sectors mein collaboration hoti hai – jaise trade, energy, health, education aur even space research. Ye group apne aapko West ke institutions – jaise IMF, World Bank aur G7 – ka alternative ke roop mein establish karne ki koshish karta hai.

BRICS ka sabse bada financial step tha – 2014 mein New Development Bank (NDB) ka formation, jise BRICS Bank bhi kaha jata hai. Iska headquarter Shanghai mein hai aur iska maksad hai developing nations ko infrastructure aur sustainable development ke liye fund provide karna – bina West ke financial pressure ya conditions ke. BRICS countries ne Contingent Reserve Arrangement bhi banaya hai – ek emergency fund system, jisme member countries financial crisis ke waqt ek dusre ki help kar sakti hain.

Lekin ab baat karte hain sabse important aur recent development ki – BRICS Expansion. 2023 ke BRICS Summit mein officially announce kiya gaya ki 6 naye desh BRICS ka hissa banne ja rahe hain: Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, aur United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ye expansion game changer ho sakta hai, kyunki ye naye members strategic aur economic dono point of view se kaafi powerful hain – khas kar West Asia ke oil-rich countries ka inclusion BRICS ko ek energy powerhouse bana deta hai.